Global uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by terrestrial vegetation: Estimates corrected by deposition velocities normalized to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;)

Sandoval-Soto, L.; Stanimirov, M.; Hobe, Marc von; Schmitt, V.; Valdés, Juan; Wild, Aloysius; Kesselmeier, J.

doi:10.5194/bg-2-125-2005

Cited by 159 publications

(232 citation statements)

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“…The global annual source and sink strengths are estimated to be 1.31±0.25 Tg a −1 and 1.66±0.79 Tg a −1 , respectively (Watts, 2000). However, recent investigations by Sandoval-Soto et al (2005) reveal that current estimates for the uptake of COS by vegetation seem to be underestimated and indicate that the global atmospheric budget of COS may be considered as unbalanced again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Besides photolysis and the reactions with OH and O in the stratosphere, vegetation and soils are regarded as the dominating terrestrial sinks (Brown and Bell, 1986;Goldan et al, 1988;Kettle et al, 2002;Sandoval-Soto et al, 2005;Chin and Davis, 1993;Kesselmeier et al, 1999). On the other hand, COS has also a chemical sink in the troposphere through reaction with OH (Chin and Davis, 1995;Kjellström, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

2008

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Abstract. The exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) between soil and the atmosphere was investigated for three arable soils from Germany, China and Finland and one forest soil from Siberia for parameterization in the relation to ambient carbonyl sulfide (COS) concentration, soil water content (WC) and air temperature. All investigated soils acted as sinks for COS. A clear and distinct uptake optimum was found for the German, Chinese, Finnish and Siberian soils at 11.5%, 9%, 11.5%, and 9% soil WC, respectively, indicating that the soil WC acts as an important biological and physical parameter for characterizing the exchange of COS between soils and the atmosphere. Different optima of deposition velocities (V d ) as observed for the Chinese, Finnish and Siberian boreal soil types in relation to their soil WC, aligned at 19% in relation to the water-filled pore space (WFPS), indicating the dominating role of gas diffusion. This interpretation was supported by the linear correlation between V d and bulk density. We suggest that the uptake of COS depends on the diffusivity dominated by WFPS, a parameter depending on soil WC, soil structure and porosity of the soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

2008

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“…Ecosystem-scale fluxes of OCS have been proposed as a means to directly determine the photosynthetic uptake of carbon in the biosphere, independently of soil and plant respiration (1,13,14,19). However, for this approach to work as proposed, a number of requirements must be met, many of which are not realized year-round at Harvard Forest.…”

Section: Internal Leaf Conductances In Series (Following Equation 3 Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaf-scale studies have confirmed the OCS link to photosynthesis (14,15). Initial OCS ecosystem flux estimations were made using flask sampling followed by analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (13,16), but these studies did not have sufficient resolution to examine daily or hourly controls on the OCS flux.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest

Commane

Meredith

Baker

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

118

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Carbonyl sulfide (OCS), the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere, has a summer minimum associated with uptake by vegetation and soils, closely correlated with CO 2 . We report the first direct measurements to our knowledge of the ecosystem flux of OCS throughout an annual cycle, at a mixed temperate forest. The forest took up OCS during most of the growing season with an overall uptake of 1.36 ± 0.01 mol OCS per ha (43.5 ± 0.5 g S per ha, 95% confidence intervals) for the year. Daytime fluxes accounted for 72% of total uptake. Both soils and incompletely closed stomata in the canopy contributed to nighttime fluxes. Unexpected net OCS emission occurred during the warmest weeks in summer. Many requirements necessary to use fluxes of OCS as a simple estimate of photosynthesis were not met because OCS fluxes did not have a constant relationship with photosynthesis throughout an entire day or over the entire year. However, OCS fluxes provide a direct measure of ecosystem-scale stomatal conductance and mesophyll function, without relying on measures of soil evaporation or leaf temperature, and reveal previously unseen heterogeneity of forest canopy processes. Observations of OCS flux provide powerful, independent means to test and refine land surface and carbon cycle models at the ecosystem scale.carbonyl sulfide | carbon cycle | sulfur cycle | stomatal conductance C arbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the most abundant sulfur gas in the atmosphere (1), and biogeochemical cycling of OCS affects both the stratosphere and the troposphere. The tropospheric OCS mixing ratio is between 300 and 550 parts per trillion (ppt) (1) (10 −12 mol OCS per mol dry air), decreasing sharply with altitude in the stratosphere (2). In times of low volcanic activity, the sulfur budget and aerosol loading of the stratosphere are largely controlled by transport and photooxidation of OCS from the troposphere (3). The processes regulating emission and uptake of OCS are thus important factors in determining how changes in climate and land cover may affect the stratospheric sulfate layer.Oceans are the dominant source of atmospheric OCS (4), with smaller emissions from anthropogenic and terrestrial sources, such as wetlands and anoxic soils (e.g., refs. 5 and 6) and oxic soils during times of heat or drought stress (e.g., refs. 7 and 8). The terrestrial biosphere is the largest sink for OCS (1, 4, 9, 10) with uptake by both oxic soils (e.g., ref. 11) and vegetation (e.g., ref. 9). Once OCS molecules pass through the stomata of leaves, the uptake rate of OCS is controlled by reaction with carbonic anhydrase (CA) within the mesophyll, to produce H 2 S and CO 2 . CA is the same enzyme that hydrolyzes carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the first chemical step of photosynthesis (12).Studies considering the large-scale atmospheric variability of OCS have linked OCS fluxes and the photosynthetic uptake of CO 2 for regional and global scales (1, 4, 13). Leaf-scale studies have confirmed the OCS link to photosynthesis (14, 15). Initial OCS ecosystem flux estimations w...

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“…differ [Campbell et al, 2008;Sandoval-Soto et al, 2005;Suntharalingam et al, 2008], and therefore, large uncertainties in the OCS budget remain [Kettle et al, 2002;Montzka et al, 2007] [Griffith et al, 1998;Kohlhepp et al, 2012;Paton-Walsh et al, 2004]. To ensure that differences in OCS behavior across the three sites are unaffected by the configuration of the retrieval, the same retrieval settings were used at all three sites, i.e., fitting four microwindows covering the p19 (2053.98-2054.24 [Rinsland et al, 1998]) is designed to retrieve vertical profiles of one or more gases from solar absorption FTS spectra.…”

Section: Geophysical Research Letters Research Lettermentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive trends in Southern Hemisphere carbonyl sulfide

Kremser

Jones

Palm

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Transport of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) from the troposphere to the stratosphere contributes sulfur to the stratospheric aerosol layer, which reflects incoming short‐wave solar radiation, cooling the climate system. Previous analyses of OCS observations have shown no significant trend, suggesting that OCS is unlikely to be a major contributor to the reported increases in stratospheric aerosol loading and indicating a balanced OCS budget. Here we present analyses of ground‐based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements of OCS at three Southern Hemisphere sites spanning 34.45°S to 77.80°S. At all three sites statistically significant positive trends are seen from 2001 to 2014 with an observed overall trend in total column OCS at Wollongong of 0.73 ± 0.03%/yr, at Lauder of 0.43 ± 0.02%/yr, and at Arrival Heights of 0.45 ± 0.05%/yr. These observed trends in OCS imply that the OCS budget is not balanced and could contribute to constraints on current estimates of sources and sinks.

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Global uptake of carbonyl sulfide (COS) by terrestrial vegetation: Estimates corrected by deposition velocities normalized to the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)

Cited by 159 publications

References 18 publications

Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

Soil atmosphere exchange of carbonyl sulfide (COS) regulated by diffusivity depending on water-filled pore space

Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest

Positive trends in Southern Hemisphere carbonyl sulfide

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