Global urbanization and impact on health

Moore, Melinda; Gould, P. L.; Keary, Barbara S.

doi:10.1078/1438-4639-00223

Cited by 451 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, there is a need for effective partnering between different sectors (e.g., local, regional, national and international governing bodies and NGOs, social planners, builders, public health officials, urban planners, economists and the private sector). In fact, most of the articles published on the subject of urbanization and health argue for a more integrated approach to solving urban problems and emphasize the need for more collaboration [2,3,21,[23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cities are not as healthy as once thought, especially when health information is disaggregated and informal settlements are taken into consideration [3]. Intra-urban health data are lacking and most frequently come from specific studies rather than systematic data collection performed by the countries or the cities themselves, though efforts are being made to improve this situation [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-urban health data are lacking and most frequently come from specific studies rather than systematic data collection performed by the countries or the cities themselves, though efforts are being made to improve this situation [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, cities in developing countries account for 50 to 80 percent of their nation's GNP, and per capita income growth has been associated with high levels of urbanization. However, there is wide inter-city and intra-city variability, especially in developing countries, and statistical indicators can be given to support both positive and negative views of the urban environment [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The In-Home Environment and Household Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Informal Urban Settlements in Northern México

Barud

et al. 2005

IJERPH

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People living in poverty make up nearly half of the global population and a large proportion of these individuals inhabit cities, living in informal settlements. However, only limited research on in-home environmental exposures and the associated health effects in these communities is available. This research investigates the home environment in unplanned settlements of a rapidly growing city on the U.S.-México border and its impact on the health of households with children under 12 years of age. A cross-sectional design was used to assess household exposures and health outcomes at the household level. A total of 202 households were selected from two informal settlements in the peri-urban region of Ciudad Juárez, México. The following variables were significantly associated with the report of at least one household member experiencing a health outcome in a two week period. Allergies were positively associated with insecticide use inside the home (adjusted Relative Odds (RO), 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-6.3). Respiratory problems were associated with households using a wood burning stove vs. a gas stove (adjusted RO, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.1-27.9). Diarrhea was negatively associated with presence of a flush toilet in the home (adjusted RO, 0.22; 95% CI,0.1-0.6). Finally, eye irritations were positively associated with indoor tobacco smoke (adjusted RO, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.1-4.5). This research highlights exposures associated with poor living conditions in informal settlements and their associations with detrimental effects on health. More efforts should be made to understand the dynamics of poor urban environments including the health effects of exposures linked with poor housing conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The In-Home Environment and Household Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Informal Urban Settlements in Northern México

Barud

et al. 2005

IJERPH

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“…The prosperity of cities drives changes in the economy, education, employment, criminal justice, transportation and housing (Crane and Kinzig 2005;Moore et al 2003;Vlahov and Galea 2003;Satterthwaite 2000;Lawrence 1999). However, rapid and uncontrolled urbanisation growth degrades the urban environment, places serious stress on natural resources and results in many environmental problems (Moore et al 2003), where one of the most International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 14 (2007) [511][512][513][514][515][516][517][518][519] Correspondence: Zhiyun Ouyang. State Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon discharge through municipal solid waste in Haikou, China

Luo¹,

Ouyang²,

Wang³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ec

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SUMMARYWith rapid urban development, municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a pressing issue. Estimation of carbon discharge through municipal solid waste provides a way to assess environmental load of solid waste from the viewpoint of the carbon cycle. With few studies on carbon flow in urban ecosystems, this research contributes to urban carbon research and provides insights into human impacts on the carbon cycle. Based on a comprehensive fieldwork investigation of a typical Chinese tourist city -Haikou City, Hainan Island -the characteristics of MSW carbon discharge and human activities that influenced it were analysed. The results indicated that, in 2001, the total carbon discharge from 261.9 Gg of MSW was 105.1 GgC per year, and 174.6 kgC per capita per annum. Carbon is discharged in the form of food scraps (24%), plastics (20%), wood (17%), fabrics (14%), paper (13%), and dust and stone (12%). If landfill received all the waste, 4.7% of MSW carbon would be transformed into methane, with a value of 4.9 GgC. Between 1991 and 1999, Haikou's per capita MSW carbon discharge increased by 59.9%, and total MSW carbon discharge increased by 124.9%. MSW carbon discharge in Haikou is significantly affected by the growth of residential expenditure and urbanisation. Local characteristics of tourism also influence Haikou's MSW carbon discharge, not only in terms of its yearly variation, but also its monthly variation. Integrating data on carbon discharge with carbon consumption will provide a systematic view of the carbon metabolism in urban ecosystems, and further insights into the generation of urban environmental pollution.

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Burden of musculoskeletal disease and its determination by urbanicity, socioeconomic status, age, and sex: Results from 14,507 subjects

Vavken¹,

Dorotka²

2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. 39.2%), and of osteoporosis was 6.6% (95% CI 6.3-7.0%). The census data showed strong evidence for an association between urbanicity and arthritis (P ‫؍‬ 0.012) and osteoporosis (P < 0.001), but not spinal conditions (P ‫؍‬ 0.721). Arthritis and spinal conditions were associated with socioeconomic status (P < 0.001 for all). Osteoporosis showed the same associations with age, income, and education. For arthritis, a combined model showed a substantial attenuation of the effect of urbanicity on arthritis prevalence after adjustment for socioeconomic status. Conclusion. These data suggest that the burden of musculoskeletal disease is determined by both urbanicity and socioeconomic status; however, the effect of urbanicity seems to be attributable to differences in socioeconomic status and demographics across geographic regions.

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Global urbanization and impact on health

Cited by 451 publications

References 27 publications

The In-Home Environment and Household Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Informal Urban Settlements in Northern México

The In-Home Environment and Household Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of Informal Urban Settlements in Northern México

Carbon discharge through municipal solid waste in Haikou, China

Burden of musculoskeletal disease and its determination by urbanicity, socioeconomic status, age, and sex: Results from 14,507 subjects

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