Global Warming Effect for Migration Route of Japanese Chum Salmon

Warming climate impacts on production dynamics of southern populations of Pacific salmon in the North Pacific Ocean

“…Thus, the potential effects of global warming on the oceanic distribution of chum salmon in the North Pacific and Arctic Ocean were evaluated based on the A1B scenario, that is, with medium greenhouse gas emissions in the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (IPCC, 2007); based on the results, the following outcomes are predicted: (1) the distribution area of chum salmon will move from south to north in the North Pacific Ocean; (2) the migration area in the winter may shift from the Gulf of Alaska to the Western Subarctic Gyre; and (3) in southern distribution areas such as Japan, juveniles will be not able to spend adequate time to attain sufficient growth in coastal waters (Kaeriyama, 2008). Furthermore, it was verified that Japanese chum salmon were positively affected in the 1990s (Kaeriyama et al, 2012(Kaeriyama et al, , 2014 and have been negatively influenced by global warming since the mid-2000s (Kaeriyama, 2019;Kaeriyama & Urabe, 2018). Using principal component analysis for a large number of marine biological data, Yati et al (2020) confirmed that the North Pacific marine ecosystem is already influenced by global warming.…”