Global Water Vapor Flux and Maintenance during FGGE

Chen, Tsing-Chang

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<1801:gwvfam>2.0.co;2

Cited by 144 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…(1) includes precipitation both directly over the GSL and the rest of the GSL watershed, but the former is not included in the COOP data. Applying the Helmholtz theory, Chen (1985) decomposed the water vapor flux into the rotational component from the moisture flux streamfunction and, the divergent component (Q D ) from the moisture flux po-…”

Section: B Water Vapor Budget Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation

et al. 2010

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The lake level elevation of the Great Salt Lake (GSL), a large closed basin lake in the arid western United States, is characterized by a pronounced quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO). The variation of the GSL elevation is very coherent with the QDO of sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical central Pacific (also known as the Pacific QDO). However, such coherence denies any direct association between the precipitation in the GSL watershed and the Pacific QDO because, in a given frequency, the precipitation variation always leads the GSL elevation variation. Therefore, the precipitation variation is phase shifted from the Pacific QDO. This study investigates the physical mechanism forming the coherence between the GSL elevation and the Pacific QDO. Pronounced and coherent quasi-decadal signals in precipitation, streamflow, water vapor flux, and drought conditions are found throughout the Great Basin. Recurrent atmospheric circulation patterns develop over the Gulf of Alaska during the warm-to-cool and cool-to-warm transition phases of the Pacific QDO. These circulation patterns modulate the water vapor flux associated with synoptic transient activities over the western United States and, in turn, lead to the QDO in the hydrological cycle of the Great Basin. As the GSL integrates the hydrological responses in the Great Basin, the hydrological QDO is then transferred to the GSL elevation. Because the GSL elevation consistently lags the precipitation by a quarter-phase (about 3 yr in the quasidecadal time scale), these processes take an average of 6 yr for the GSL elevation to eventually respond to the Pacific QDO. This creates a half-phase delay of the GSL elevation from the Pacific QDO, thereby forming the inverse, yet coherent, relationship between them. Tree-ring reconstructed precipitation records confirm that the quasi-decadal signal in precipitation is a prominent feature in this region.

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Section: B Water Vapor Budget Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation

et al. 2010

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“…Chen (1985) converted the water vapor flux into a moisture flux streamfunction (w Q ) and, a moisture flux potential (v Q )-defined respectively as…”

Section: Diagnostic Schemes For Large-scale Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transition-phase teleconnection of the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation

et al. 2010

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The atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) are investigated using available observational data from 1948 to 2007. Previous studies indicate that the Pacific QDO is characterized by a distinct lifecycle in the form of sea surface temperature (SST) patterns. In the warm and cool phases of the Pacific QDO, the SST patterns resemble those associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During the warm-cool and cool-warm transitions of the Pacific QDO, recurrent SST patterns are also clearly visible. The rotated empirical orthogonal function analysis on the 10-15 year filtered data shows that the evolutions of SST and atmospheric circulation are well coupled. While the warm-/cool-phase Pacific QDO generates an ENSOlike circulation pattern, the transition phases form a distinct short-wave train emanating from Southeast Asia towards North America. This short-wave train is particularly robust in the streamfunction of water vapor flux. Diagnostic analyses of the heat budget, the stationary wave flux, and a barotropic model indicate that this short-wave train is thermodynamically maintained and is likely forced by diabatic heating near Southeast Asia. Additional modulations of forcing sources in the western and eastern tropical Pacific on this short-wave teleconnection are also discussed.

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“…where g is the acceleration due to gravity, q is specific humidity, Ps is surface pressure, P 300 is pressure at the top of the troposphere and  V is the wind vector (Chen 1985;Behera et al 1999). The use of Helmholtz theorem allows us to separate the moisture transport into rotational and irrotational (flux divergence) components.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian Ocean Dipole Modulates the Number of Extreme Rainfall Events over India in a Warming Environment

Ajayamohan

Rao

2008

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

113

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This study shows that high resolution rainfall data indicate an increase in number of extreme rainfall events over India in the last few decades. Unravelling the mechanism behind this increasing number of extreme rainfall events in central India is important as these intense rainfall events cause floods and related damage to the life and property of more than 400 million people living in this region. The natural disaster risk hotspots analysis projected the central Indian region as the most vulnerable region for floods in the Indian subcontinent. Here, we present first evidence that the extreme rainfall events in central India in recent decades are strongly modulated by cool sea surface temperature anomalies in the south-eastern equatorial Indian Ocean. The ongoing warming trend of the Indian Ocean coupled with the increase in the number of Indian Ocean Dipole years in recent decades suggests more frequent extreme rainfall events and related hazards in central India in forthcoming years.Corresponding author and present affiliation: R.S. Ajayamohan, Canadian Center for Climate Modelling and Analysis,

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Global Water Vapor Flux and Maintenance during FGGE

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation

Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific Quasi-Decadal Oscillation

A transition-phase teleconnection of the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation

Indian Ocean Dipole Modulates the Number of Extreme Rainfall Events over India in a Warming Environment

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