‘Global worming’: first record of an epidemic of <i>Triaenophorus crassus</i> in a population of Arctic charr <i>Salvelinus umbla</i>

Achleitner, Daniela; Gassner, Hubert; Schabetsberger, Robert

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02166.x

Cited by 6 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In Lake Achensee, water level fluctuations might affect the feeding behaviour of whitefish and subsequent parasite infestation at least to some extent. Changes in physical processes, but also biological factors such as high abundances of the final host, pike, may have led to the increased occurrence of tapeworm infections as observed in Lake Achensee and other Austrian pre-alpine lakes (Achleitner et al, 2009;Schaufler et al, 2014) over the last years. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occurrences of the whitefish tapeworm Triaenophorus Rudolphi, 1793 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) have been observed in Central and Western European (Brinker and Hamers, 2007), Scandinavian (Pasternak et al, 1999;Pulkkinen et al, 2000), as well as North American lakes (Ekbaum, 1935;Miller, 1952;Watson and Lawler, 1965;Hursky and Pietrock, 2012). Recently, these parasites have also been reported in some Austrian lakes (Lahnsteiner et al, 2009;Sichrowsky et al, 2013) where they caused epidemics in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus umbla) population (Achleitner et al, 2009;Schaufler et al, 2014). Members of the genus Triaenophorus have a complex three-host life cycle, with copepods as their first, planktivorous fish like coregonids as their second intermediate host, and pike (Esox lucius) as their definitive host (Kuperman, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Infestation of zooplankton with Triaenophorus and Proteocephalus procercoids (Cestoda) in a deep oligotrophic lake

2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Infestation of zooplankton with Triaenophorus and Proteocephalus procercoids (Cestoda) in a deep oligotrophic lake

2014

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“…However, an epidemic of the pseudophyllidean cestode Triaenophorus crassus (Forel 1868) was observed in a population of S. umbla in 2005. Fifty-three percent of charr were found to be infected, with fish harbouring between 1 and 17 plerocercoids encysting in the flesh (Achleitner et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…(Gassner et al 2005). Lake Grundlsee in the Austrian Lake District is home to one of the most significant fisheries of S. umbla with a yearly catch of approximately 600 kg (Achleitner et al 2009). For over 700 years of fisheries records no parasite infestation was previously reported (Wallner 1911).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential diagnosis of Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus experimental infection in Cyclops abyssorum praealpinus (Copepoda) from the Alpine Lake Grundlsee (Austria) using PCR–RFLP

et al. 2011

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In 2005, an epidemic of the cestode Triaenophorus crassus in Arctic charr, Salvelinus umbla from Lake Grundlsee (Austria) was reported, resulting in the closure of the local fisheries. The parasite uses a copepod and a salmonid fish as intermediate hosts, and the European pike (Esox lucius) as definitive host. In Lake Grundlsee procercoids of T. crassus, T. nodulosus and Eubothrium salvelini use the copepod Cyclops abyssorum praealpinus as their first intermediate host. We report on the development of a PCR-RFLP assay for the specific differentiation between the procercoids of the three cestode species. Ban I restriction sites within a 207-bp 18S rRNA-amplified fragment yielded two and three species-specific products to unequivocally distinguish between T. crassus and T. nodulosus, respectively. The assay is sufficiently sensitive to characterise a single procercoid of both Triaenophorus species in their copepod host, enabling a direct measure of infection. This assay will be useful in monitoring the progress of the control methods currently in place.

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TranslocatedEsox luciusL. (PISCES) trigger aTriaenophorus crassusForel (CESTODA) epidemic in a population ofSalvelinus umbla(L.) (PISCES)

Schaufler

Stögner

Achleitner³

et al. 2014

Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol.

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In 2005, an epidemic of the pike tapeworm Triaenophorus crassus Forel, 1868 broke out in the Arctic charr (Salvelinus umbla (L. 1758)) stock of Lake Grundlsee, Austria. Besides the definitive host Northern pike (Esox lucius L. 1758), which was introduced into the lake in the 1960s, the cestode requires copepods as first and salmonid fish as second intermediate hosts. Within 2 years, the prevalence of the cestode in medium sized Arctic charr increased to almost 100% and the abundance reached a maximum of 55 cysts per fish, leading to the closure of the fishery. Such a massive infection of Arctic charr has never been reported. High pike abundance and the occurrence of a suitable copepod host facilitated the outbreak. The only first intermediate host Cyclops abyssorum praealpinus Kiefer, 1933 predominated the zooplankton community during May, when cestode coracidia hatch from eggs. Only during this infectious period, C. abyssorum praealpinus was eaten by Arctic charr (2–50% of prey organisms). Low fishing pressure on pike enabled the development of a large population that served as reservoir for T. crassus with up to 687 cestodes per fish. To contain the epidemic, 1671 pike were removed between 2008 and 2013. Infection of Arctic charr decreased to 60% and a maximum number of 16 cysts in 2013.

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‘Global worming’: first record of an epidemic of Triaenophorus crassus in a population of Arctic charr Salvelinus umbla

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Infestation of zooplankton with Triaenophorus and Proteocephalus procercoids (Cestoda) in a deep oligotrophic lake

Infestation of zooplankton with Triaenophorus and Proteocephalus procercoids (Cestoda) in a deep oligotrophic lake

Differential diagnosis of Triaenophorus crassus and T. nodulosus experimental infection in Cyclops abyssorum praealpinus (Copepoda) from the Alpine Lake Grundlsee (Austria) using PCR–RFLP

TranslocatedEsox luciusL. (PISCES) trigger aTriaenophorus crassusForel (CESTODA) epidemic in a population ofSalvelinus umbla(L.) (PISCES)

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