“…Inconsistencies in the policies on in-migration have also led to the rise of undocumented workers due to the continuous demand for migrant workers (see Wickramasekara 2008;Hugo 2009). As such, many migrants either overstayed their visas, had them renewed fraudulently by employers or shifted employers to avoid detection.…”
“…Inconsistencies in the policies on in-migration have also led to the rise of undocumented workers due to the continuous demand for migrant workers (see Wickramasekara 2008;Hugo 2009). As such, many migrants either overstayed their visas, had them renewed fraudulently by employers or shifted employers to avoid detection.…”
“…Not only the developing countries have limited the activities of unions, participation of migrants in union activities are restricted even in developed countries. Wickramasekara (2008) pointed out that some major destination countries are reluctant to ratify or enforce the provisions of the international migrant worker conventions.…”
This study attempts to investigate the role of labour standards in explaining the pattern of bilateral migration flows in ASEAN; and it is motivated by the target of ASEAN
“…For example, the ratio of global merchandise exports to global GDP increased from under 11 % in 1970 to over 26 % by 2008(World Bank 2010. FDI has similarly increased from 7 to 22 % of global GDP between 1980 and 2003 (Wickramasekara 2008), and the growth in tourism was even stronger with 700 million worldwide tourist trips in 2000 as compared to 25 million in 1950 (Fischer 2007). Finally, remittances into the developing world increased fivefold between 1990and 2004(World Bank 2008.…”
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