The main objectives of the project were to produce a set of rigorous theoretical and empirical economic studies, which would deepen our understanding of how conditions facing the world's poor have been evolving under globalization and provide a framework yielding the elements of a strategy that would induce the globalization process to become more pro-poor. In addition to the methodological and conceptual conference held in Helsinki at the end of 2004, the project organized three regional conferences to explore the impact of globalization on Asia, Africa, and Latin America, respectively, in 2005 and 2006.Because of very significant differences in initial conditions (including natural resource endowments, the quantity and quality of human capital, the institutional framework, and the quality of governance), as well as in internal dynamics of institutional and sociopolitical conditions, globalization has different effects on the poor in different regions of the developing world. Generally speaking, the poor in sub-Saharan Africa were essentially bypassed by the forces of globalization, while most of the Asian poor benefited-none more so than in China. Latin America occupies an intermediate position in