Globalization, Free Trade, and the Social Impact of the Decline of Informal Production: The Case of Artisans in Quito, Ecuador

Middleton, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.02.001

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The domestic timber market, at least the one producers and intermediaries in the Ecuadorian Amazon are connected to, is led by large-scale depots that stock timber; particularly, species of high commercial value. This concentration of demand had already been analyzed by previous studies in Ecuador (see, for example, Sierra, 2001;Wunder, 2005 andMiddleton, 2007). This suggests that the composition and structure of the domestic timber market has experienced few changes in recent years.…”

Section: Comparison Of Smallholders' Benefitssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…For example, harvesting of species like chuncho, seike (Cedrelinga cateiniforme) used for doors and floors has increased. Middleton (2007) argues that small-scale artisanal production in the forestry sector in Ecuador is disappearing from the market due to competition from the industry for timber supplies from intermediaries 4 (depots). According to this author, artisan producers prefer local networks-generally informal ones-from which they obtain timber for their work; however, furniture imports from Brazil and Chile, along with large-scale timber industries, make domestic prices not competitive for them.…”

Section: Land Use Population and The Forestry Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forest use and timber markets in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Mejía¹,

Pacheco²

2014

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List of acronyms vii 23. Amazon: Executors by category and buyers by size 24. Comparison of purchase and processing volumes 25. Characteristics of colonist and Kichwa households 26. Land use (in hectares) in colonist and Kichwa plots 27. Deforestation in Kichwa and colonist plots for 2006-2012 28. Kichwa and colonist income for August 2011-September 2012 29. Description of forest income from timber and non-timber products for August 2011-September 2012 30. Characteristics of the different groups of households according to their timber harvesting strategies 31. Harvesting characteristics according to predominant type 32. Characteristics of the sale of timber according to the form of harvesting 33. Characteristics of the amount of timber sold with and without a harvesting program and according to ethnic groups and harvesting strategies in Napo between 2011 and 2012 34. Costs and benefits of small smallholders for August 2011-September 2012 (in USD) 35. Harvesting by type of species and land use (in m3) 36. Characteristics of colonist, Kichwa and Shuar households 37. Land use in hectares in colonist and indigenous (Kichwa and Shuar) plots 38. Deforestation in Kichwa and colonist plots for 2006-2012 39. Colonist and indigenous (Kichwa and Shuar) income for February 2011-July 2012 Forest use and timber markets in the Ecuadorian Amazon | v 40. Description of forest income from timber and non-timber products for February 2011-July 2012 41. Types according to household attributes and the strategy of forest resources harvesting 42. Characteristics of harvesting by form of harvesting 43. Characteristics of the sale of timber according to the form of harvesting 44. Characteristics of the amount of timber sold with and without a harvesting program according to ethnic groups and harvesting strategies in Orellana 45. Costs and benefits of small smallholders for February 2011-July 2012 (in USD) 46. Use by type of species and land use (in m 3) 47. Comparative information between Napo and Orellana 48. Identified types and number of selected cases a 49. Characteristics of the operations 50. Costs associated with timber legalization in USD 51. Legalization costs in the area under study for different volumes of harvested timber 52. Differences between average waste of cutting and sawing 53. Average yield in studied species 54. Average costs and sale price of harvested species (in USD /m 3) 55. Average costs and sale prices of harvested species in the case studies (in USD/product) of this study would not have been possible. Our acknowledgement is mainly directed to members of the Kichwa, Shuar and mestizo communities in these provinces. We further acknowledge the Ministry of Environment (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, MAE), both at its Quito office as in Napo and Orellana offices for the support they offered with information and discussions that have contributed to improve our analysis. We would also like to thank GIZ Ecuador for its support throughout the research process, as well as the

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Section: Comparison Of Smallholders' Benefitssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Land Use Population and The Forestry Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest use and timber markets in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Mejía¹,

Pacheco²

2014

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“…Gradually, countries are becoming more integrated to achieve faster economic growth and are opening up for free trade as a result of globalization (Middleton 2007). Economic and technological factors drive the growth of international production, which is facilitated by the liberalization of trade policies and increased FDI flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Bangladesh: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach

Sarker

Khan

2020

Financ Innov

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The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in host countries is a heavily debated issue. Although some studies have found evidence of the positive impact of FDI on economic growth, others have revealed the opposite result. Studies that examined the causality between FDI and gross domestic product (GDP) also have found evidence of unidirectional causality and, in some cases, a bidirectional causality. This study investigated the causal nexus between FDI and GDP in Bangladesh by employing standard time-series econometric tools, namely, augmented Dickey-Fuller, augmented Dickey-Fuller generalized least square, Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin, and Lee-Strazicich unit root tests to check stationarity, augmented autoregressive distributed lag (augmented ARDL) bounds testing approach to check cointegration, and Granger causality to explore the direction of causality. The augmented ARDL model found a long-run relationship between FDI and GDP. In addition, the error correction model and Granger causality results indicated the presence of a unidirectional causality running from GDP to FDI.

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“…Obviously, the mean TPI decreased from 2007 to 2017. e alienation of global trade is thought-provoking. In recent years, some scholars have highlighted this trend in international trade [48,49]. To protect trade interests, some countries seek to maintain the friendly regional trade relations by signing trade agreements and creating trade unions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Regional Trade Agreement to Local and Global Trade Purity Relationships

et al. 2020

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In contrast to the rapid integration of the world economy, many regional trade agreements (RTAs) have also emerged since the early 1990s. This contradiction has encouraged scholars and policymakers to explore the true effects of RTAs, including both regional and global trade relationships. This paper defines synthesized trade resistance and decomposes it into natural and artificial factors. Here, we separate the influence of geographical distance, economic volume, and overall increase in transportation and labor costs and use the expectation maximization algorithm to optimize the parameters and quantify the trade purity indicator, which describes the true global trade environment and relationships among countries. This indicates that although global and most regional trade relations gradually deteriorated during the period 2007–2017, RTAs generate trade relations among members, especially contributing to the relative prosperity of European Union (EU) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries. In addition, we apply the network to reflect the purity of the trade relations among countries. The effects of RTAs can be analyzed by comparing typical trade unions and trade communities, which are presented using an empirical network structure. This analysis shows that the community structure is quite consistent with some trade unions, and the representative RTAs constitute the core structure of international trade network. However, the role of trade unions has weakened, and multilateral trade liberalization has accelerated in the past decade. This means that more countries have recently tended to expand their trading partners outside of these unions rather than limit their trading activities to RTAs.

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Globalization, Free Trade, and the Social Impact of the Decline of Informal Production: The Case of Artisans in Quito, Ecuador

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Forest use and timber markets in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Forest use and timber markets in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Bangladesh: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach

Effects of Regional Trade Agreement to Local and Global Trade Purity Relationships

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