This work describes and compares two phaselocked-loop (PLL) algorithms aimed at tracking a biased sinusoidal signal with unknown frequency, amplitude and phase, with inherent robustness to dc-offset. The proposed methods endow Quadrature PLLs, renowned for their excellent tracking performance, with frequency-adaptation capability, while providing robust global stability certificates. The large-gain global stability, proven by Lyapunov-like arguments borrowed from adaptive control theory, represents a major benefit compared to conventional PLLs, whose convergence instead can be proven only locally by small-signal analysis or small-gain assumptions. In this connection, the proposed algorithms represent the first frequency-adaptive and DC-bias rejecting PLL-type architectures with Lyapunov-certified global stability. When used for signal tracking, the proposed methods are shown to outperform the adaptive observer, especially in noisy conditions. Moreover, they provide more accurate frequency estimates than existent frequency-adaptive PLLs, showing enhanced robustness in facing both phase-noise and measurement perturbations.
I. INTRODUCTIONThe power distribution network is undergoing tremendous changes due to ever increasing penetration of distributed and renewable energy resources. Such a trend poses new challenges due to the increased unpredictability of these new power sources. A microgrid incorporating the renewable distributed energy resources can be operated either in grid-connected mode or in islanded mode. During both modes of operation, monitoring and control of frequency plays a vital role for power quality assessment, for the control and protection of the power grid and also for the synchronization of the microgrid with the main grid [1]. Due to the presence of disturbances and uncertainties in the grid voltage, such as harmonics, noise, G.Pin is with Electrolux Italia S.p.A., Italy