Globularia alypum Extracts Attenuate Hyperglycemia and Protect against Various Organ Toxicities in Alloxan-Induced Experimental Diabetic Rats

Abstract

In this study, we attempted for the first time to determine the phytochemical compositions and biopharmaceutical properties of Globularia alypum methanol extract (GAME) and Globularia alypum water extract (GAWE). High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis was performed to establish the chemical profile of the investigated extracts. Chemical composition analysis was taken in the presence of various bioactive compounds such as quercetin 7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-O-glucoside in GAME. In GAWE, various abundant compounds were found in the extract such as quercetin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin, quercetin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and cinnamic acid. This study showed that the administration of GAWE and GAME to type 1 diabetic rats decreased fasting blood glucose, protected pancreas β-cells from death and injury, increased liver glycogen rate, and ameliorated oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, GA reduced weight loss, and diabetes decreased basic physical activity. In addition, the administration of GA extracts in diabetic rats protected from diabetes-induced liver, kidney, testes, heart, and bone toxicities. Conclusion. GAWE has possible value for antidiabetic oral medication.

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“…Diabetes mellitus, a chronic, progressive metabolic disorder characterized by fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia and relative insulin insufficiency (Tiss et al, 2021;Tiss and Hamden, 2022). One of the therapeutic approaches used for the decrease of postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia is the retardation of glucose and lipid absorption through the inhibition of lipid and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-amylase and lipase, in the digestive organs (Tundis et al, 2012;Fujita et al, 2015;Kothari et al, 2018;Aladaileh et al, 2019).…”

Antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes presenting protein tyrosine phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, metabolic enzymes, stress oxidant and inflammation inhibitory potential

“…All groups of rats were given a solution of 5% DMSO in 2 ml of distilled water for 90 days by gastric gavage route as described by our previous study [ 19 ]. At the end of the experimentation, the animals were decapitated after receiving an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium to induce anesthesia [ 23 ]. The serum was obtained by blood centrifugation 15 min at 4 °C and 1.500× g .…”

“…DPP-4 is an enzyme that breaks down GLP-1, which is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis [ [20] , [21] ]. Another method is to suppress intestinal digestive enzymes, primarily lipase and glucosidases, while activating catalytic enzymes and inhibiting carbohydrate anabolic enzymes [ 18 , 22 , 23 ]. Furthermore, protecting the pancreas from oxidative damage and inflammation is crucial since it is the only organ involved in insulin secretion and metabolic regulation.…”

Pharmacological Activity of Flavonoid Quercetin and Its Therapeutic Potential in Testicular Injury

“…Notably, quercetin also appears to have an effect on the pancreatic islets of diabetic rats, and a study by Tiss et al showed that a methanolic extract of Globularia alypum (containing several chemicals, including quercetin) ameliorated pancreatic β-cell damage and death in diabetic Wistar rats, which was able to increase insulin secre-tion and maintain better blood glucose levels, thus somewhat reducing testicular damage caused by the hyperglycemic environment of the body. It can also improve the process of spermatogenesis and increase the number of spermatozoon in the seminiferous tubules to the level of normal rats [66].…”