Glomerular compromise in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity

Girardi, Guillermina; Saball, D. Ester; Salvarrey, Marcela S.; Elı́as, Marı́a Mónica

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7146(1996)11:4<189::aid-jbt4>3.0.co;2-g

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The peripheral pedicels of nephrocytes are similar to those of the podocytes of the cells lining the Bowman space in the kidney of vertebrates and through which a plasma ultrafiltrate is formed (Ruppert 1994). Those cells have in fact been shown to accumulate mercury (Baatrup et al 1986, Wilks et al 1994) and thus have also been identified as important target sites for Hg-induced nephrotoxicity in vertebrates (Prasada Rao et al 1989, Bano & Hasan 1990, Artese et al 1993, Girardi et al 1996. In crustaceans, nephrocytes have long been considered to be phagocytic (Drach 1930, Doughtie & Rao 1981, Smith & Ratcliffe 1981, Taylor & Taylor 1992, ridding the hemolymph of any cell debris or foreign substances.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Bioaccumulation of inorganic and methylated mercury by the gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: transepithelial fluxes and histochemical localization

Laporte¹,

Truchot

Mesmer-Dudons³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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In order to better understand the role of the gills in the accumulation of contaminants, branchial uptake and bioaccumulation of inorganic (HgCl 2 ) and monomethylmercury (CH 3 HgCl) were quantified in the shore crab Carcinus maenas, using living animals and an in vitro perfused gill preparation exposed to 50 µg l -1 of either chemical forms in the external medium. In addition, localization of accumulated mercury was studied using the histochemical autometallographic technique by both light and electron microscopy. Gill tissue strongly accumulated either inorganic or methylated mercury at similar levels in vitro and in vivo. For both chemical forms of the metal, only about 1% of the total mercury input was recovered in the effluent fluid from in vitro perfused gills and could thus be considered available to distribute inside the animal via the circulatory system. Inorganic Hg was histochemically found to be accumulated at 2 markedly different locations in the gills: at the cuticular surface in direct contact with the contaminated medium and at high local levels in the central vacuole of gill nephrocytes. Although also present at these 2 locations, methylmercury was distributed more diffusely and more evenly in all cells. These results suggest that the high affinity of gill tissue for both forms of mercury may confer on this organ the role of an external barrier strongly limiting the invasion of the metal toward other compartments of the body.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Bioaccumulation of inorganic and methylated mercury by the gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: transepithelial fluxes and histochemical localization

Laporte¹,

Truchot

Mesmer-Dudons³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It is known that inorganic mercury and its salts induce abnormal responses in the immune system of both susceptible rodent strains (rat and mouse) and humans [37,38]. In accordance, Girardi et al [10] have demonstrated that isolated renal glomeruli from mercuric chloride treated rats showed enlarged fibronectin, lipid deposits, and enhanced leukocyte infiltration. Therefore, we speculate that the reduction in leukocyte levels in the blood stream can be explained by cellular migration to damage sites, since these cells have an important function of defense, or hypothetically by the loss of blood cells that may reduce their levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Hemolytic processes appear to be a consequence of metal ion inhibition of cytoplasmatic enzymes [9] and production of activated forms of oxygen by mercury-hemoglobin complexes [8]. In addition, mercury exposure can alter the leukocyte levels, since the immunological system is affected [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphenyl diselenide protects against hematological and immunological alterations induced by mercury in mice

Brandão

Borges

Oliveira

et al. 2008

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Mercury is a heavy metal that can cause a variety of toxic effects on the organism, such as hematological and immunological alterations. In the present investigation, deleterious effects of mercury-intoxication in mice and a possible protective effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) were studied. Male adult Swiss albino mice received daily a pretreatment with (PhSe)(2) (15.6 mg/kg, orally) for 1 week. After this week, mice received daily mercuric chloride (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for 2 weeks. A number of hematological (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocytes, and leukocytes differential) and immunological (immunoglobulin G and M plasma concentration) parameters were evaluated. Another biomarker of tissue damage, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), was also determined. The results demonstrated that mercury exposure caused a reduction in the erythrocyte, hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocyte, and platelet counts and an increase in the reticulocyte percentages. (PhSe)(2) was effective in protecting against the reduction in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and leukocyte levels. (PhSe)(2) ameliorated reticulocyte percentages increased by mercury. However, (PhSe)(2) was partially effective in preventing against the decrease in erythrocyte and platelet counts. Immunoglobulin G and M concentrations and LDH activity were increased by mercury exposure, and (PhSe)(2) was effective in protecting against these effects. In conclusion, (PhSe)(2) was effective in protecting against hematological and immunological alterations induced by mercury in mice.

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“…We therefore focused on the effects of MEL on tubular expression of three stress proteins (HSP72, GRP75, and MT) and iNOS in rats treated with a nephrotoxic dose of HgCl 2 at 3.5 mg/kg. Because it was reported that, after similar doses, toxicological parameters such as malondialdheyde and blood urea nitrogen peaked at 24 hr, we chose this time to test MEL pretreatment (Girardi et al 1996;Huang et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular Stress Proteins and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Kidney Exposed to Mercuric Chloride and Melatonin

Stacchiotti

Ricci

Rezzani

et al. 2006

J Histochem Cytochem.

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Stress proteins such as HSP70 members (HSP72 and GRP75) and metallothionein (MT) protect the kidney against oxidative damage and harmful metals, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulates tubular functions. A single dose of mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)) can cause acute renal failure in rats, its main target being the proximal tubule. Oxidative damage has been proposed as one of its pathogenic mechanisms. In this study we tested whether melatonin (MEL), a powerful antioxidant compound, is effective against HgCl(2) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with saline, HgCl(2) (3.5 mg/kg), MEL (5 mg/kg), and MEL + HgCl(2) and examined after 24 hr for HSP72, GRP75, MT, and iNOS by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Tubular effects of the treatment were then characterized by ultrastructure. In the HgCl(2) group, all markers were overexpressed in convoluted proximal tubules and sometimes in distal tubules. In the MEL + HgCl(2) group, GRP75 and iNOS decreased in convoluted and straight proximal tubules, whereas HSP72 and MT persisted more than the saline and MEL-only groups. Tubular damage and mitochondrial morphometry were improved by MEL pretreatment. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of MEL against HgCl(2) nephrotoxicity was outlined morphologically and by the reduction of the tubular expression of stress proteins and iNOS. These markers could represent sensitive recovery index against mercury damage.

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Glomerular compromise in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Bioaccumulation of inorganic and methylated mercury by the gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: transepithelial fluxes and histochemical localization

Bioaccumulation of inorganic and methylated mercury by the gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: transepithelial fluxes and histochemical localization

Diphenyl diselenide protects against hematological and immunological alterations induced by mercury in mice

Tubular Stress Proteins and Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Kidney Exposed to Mercuric Chloride and Melatonin

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