Glomerulonephritis Associated With Hydrocarbon Solvents

Beirne, Gregory J.; Brennan, John T.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1972.10666187

Cited by 166 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There is some evidence which suggests that chronic exposure to hydrocarbons may result in a form of glomerular disease referred to as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (58). This process is marked by a severe proliferation of the epithelial cells of the glomerular tuft.…”

Section: Glomerulonephritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal response to environmental toxics

Finn¹

1977

Environ Health Perspect

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Several characteristics of normal renal function increase the risk to the kidney of damage by environmental toxins. Due to the magnitude of renal blood flow the total amount of noxious substance delivered may be disproportionately high. Furthermore, the capacity to concentrate substances within the kidney by processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion has the potential to increase the toxicity of agents which would otherwise not lead to tissue injury. Unfortunately, there are few tests of renal function which are able to detect early functional abnormalities and which, at the same time, are suited for screening purposes by virtue of their simplicity, cost and safety. Furthermore, interpretation of the tests is complicated by adaptive changes in renal function which occur with aging and in response to other disease processes. Environmental agents produce a wide spectrum of renal dysfunction. Acute renal damage follows exposure to glycols, organic solvents, heavy metals, diagnostic and therapeutic agents and a variety of miscellaneous substances. Chronic renal disease may take the form of isolated tubular defects as seen with cadmium, interstitial nephritis due to the ingestion of lead, or vascular damage induced by external radiation. Some forms of glomerulonephritis may also be related to environmental toxins as are certain tumors of the urinary tract. In a somewhat different fashion, patients whose renal function is limited by the presence of pre-existing disease may manifest toxicity from substances ordinarily excreted in the urine. Particular problems exist with the patients on dialysis, as they are at considerable risk to alterations in the environment.

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Section: Glomerulonephritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal response to environmental toxics

Finn¹

1977

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In one historical example, a series of papers was published that discussed the possible link between exposure to hydrocarbon solvents and the development or exacerbation of Goodpasture syndrome. In the first of these papers (Bierne and Brennan 1972), the authors used the term "hydrocarbon solvent" as a generic reference to organic solvents of all types, and to fuels as well. Subsequent authors have continued to follow this terminology, such that in a review article published in 1992 (Bombassei and Kaplan 1992), the title refers to "hydrocarbon exposure", but the identified agents included solvents (some of which are specifically identified as chlorinated solvents), fuels, and complex mixtures including smoke and exhaust.…”

Section: Scope and Purpose Of The Documentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

McKee

Adenuga

Carrillo

2015

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370°C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and tworing species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/ chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. Introduction Scope and purpose of the documentThe present document summarizes information on the physical/ chemical properties and toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents and provides examples of the ways in which the information on hazard characterization can be used for hazard classification and to set occupational exposure limits. Many of the toxicological studies were published separately, but the results are summarized herein and referenced in the appendices.Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions that are primarily produced by the distillation of petroleum feed stocks or their synthetic analogs (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch derived materials), sometimes followed by additional processing steps such as solvent extraction, hydrodesulfurization, or hydrogenation. 1 Most hydrocarbon solvents are complex substances with variable compositions and are best described as UVCB 2 (unknown and variable composition) substances, but some are single constituent (mono-constituent) substances. The complex and variable nature of these solvents is the consequence of their manufacturing processes. In short, most hydroca...

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“…An early hy pothesis suggested that organic solvents cause chemical damage to either the pulmonary capillary ABM or the GBM, inducing an antigen-antibody response that leads to glomerulonephritis [3,28,38,39], This hypothesis is supported by clinical evidence from case reports that Goodpasture's disease, which involves the development of autoantibodies to ABM and GBM, has been shown to be associated with hydrocarbon exposure [28,30,31]. Experimental animal evidence has shown that this may occur because hydrocarbon inhalation damages pulmo nary tissues, causing increased permeability to circulat ing antibody: studies in rabbits exposed to gasoline by intratracheal instillation showed increased binding of heterologous anti-GBM antibody to ABM [64].…”

Section: Glomerular Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvent exposures varied, including intentional sniffing of cleaning fluid (trichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) or toluenecontaining glues [15][16][17][18][19][20] and suicide attempts by inges tion of Tetralin [21]. Occupational exposures included inhalation of trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, die sel fuel and toluene [22][23][24][25], Tubular necrosis has also been observed in individuals who used diesel fuel to wash their hands and hair [26,27], Glomerulonephritis A 1972 report [28] described 6 cases of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody-mediated glo merulonephritis which occurred in individuals with re cent occupational exposure to hydrocarbons. Exposure durations ranged from 4 months to 10 years; hydrocar bons included paint and degreasing solvents and jet pro pulsion fuel.…”

Section: Acute Tubular Necrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Nephrotoxicity in Humans and Experimental Animals

1990

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Evidence from human case reports, epidemiologic studies and animal experiments have suggested that exposure to organic solvents is associated with a wide spectrum of renal disorders, including tubular necrosis, interstitial disease, glomerulonephritis and neoplasia. This review summarizes what is known about solvent-induced renal damage in humans and experimental animals, with emphasis on hypothesized mechanisms by which this broad range of disorders may occur.

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Glomerulonephritis Associated With Hydrocarbon Solvents

Cited by 166 publications

References 7 publications

Renal response to environmental toxics

Renal response to environmental toxics

Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents

Solvent Nephrotoxicity in Humans and Experimental Animals

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