Glomus angioma in pediatric practice

Abstract

Glomus angioma i1s a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, which accounts for about 2% of soft tissue tumors. This is a benign tumor originating from the neuromuscular-vascular skin node (glomus) due to the predominant growth of arterio-venous anastomoses. The neuromyoarterial glomus is a structure whose function is arterio-venous shunting. Purpose - to acquaint a wide range of specialists in pediatric specialties with this pathology, features of the course, diagnostics and treatment tactics. Clinical cases. Two clinical cases are given to illustrate the difficulty of differential diagnosis of glomus-angiomas. In the first, when the formation was localized on the finger of the hand in a child of the first year of life, the differentiation took place with a pyogenic granuloma, the clinical and external signs of which and some morphological characteristics of which are very similar to vascular formations. In the second case, when a glomus angioma was localized in the area of the skin of the mammary gland in a 13-year-old girl, the differential diagnosis was made with a cavernous hemangioma. Both cases testify to the sufficient complexity of making a clinical diagnosis in children of different age groups and different localization of formations. Conclusions. According to the literature, the cause of glomus angiomas is mutations in the glomulin gene, which encodes a 68 kDa protein with an unknown function. Differential diagnosis should be carried out with pronodular hidradenoma, intradermal nevi, melanomas, myopericytomas and myofibromatosis, tumors of non-epithelial, smooth muscle, vascular or nervous origin. Histological examination is an important diagnostic method in the process of making a diagnosis. If a child is suspected of having a glomus angioma, with clinical symptoms and appearance appropriate for this tumor, radical removal of the tumor with mandatory histological confirmation is required. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the children's parents was obtained for the study. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.