Glottal stop, glottalized resonants, and pharyngeals: A reinterpretation with evidence from a laryngoscopic study of Nuuchahnulth (Nootka)

Vietnamese (Hanoi Vietnamese)

“…While the EGG study of Michaud (2004) found no evidence of glottalization accompanying unreleased final stops /p t k/, the laryngoscopic study of Edmondson et al (2010) suggests that glottal reinforcement (in the sense of Esling, Fraser & Harris 2005) may not always be absent in this context.…”

A Laryngographic and Laryngoscopic Study of Northern Vietnamese Tones

“…While the production of voice quality was until recently believed to be largely restricted to the glottis, recent work shows that other laryngo-pharyngeal 'valves' are also involved [Esling, 1999;Edmondson et al, 2001;Esling and Harris, 2003;Esling et al, 2005;Edmondson and Esling, 2006]. In the case of Northern Vietnamese, tone glottalization could be mostly limited to a constriction of the glottis through adductive tension (interarytenoid muscles) and medial compression (lateral cricoarytenoid muscles), possibly combined with longitudinal tension (thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles).…”

“…However, the fact that glottal constriction does not always result in a low pitch [Edmondson and Esling, 2006] suggests a re-evaluation of the traditional view of glottal constriction. While it was originally assumed that adduction and medial compression of the glottis was a sufficient manoeuvre to produce glottalization [Halle and Stevens, 1971;Laver, 1980], a ventricular incursion might also be a necessary condition [Esling and Harris, 2003;Esling et al, 2005;Edmondson and Esling, 2006]. Rather than being caused by mere vocal fold adduction, the disruption of vocal fold vibrations and the resulting f0 drop found during glottalization could thus be attributable to ventricular incursion.…”

Patterns of Misperception of Arabic Consonants

“…Esling, Fraser, and Harris 2005) and ultrasound (e.g. Zeroual, Esling, and Hoole 2011) expanding the information available from earlier X-ray * I thank Michael Weiss, Sam Tilsen, Alan Nussbaum, and Abby Cohn for their insightful comments and advice on earlier versions of this paper and Munther Younes for his help in designing the experiment.…”