Glowing in the dark: discriminating patterns of bioluminescence from different taxa during the Arctic polar night

Johnsen, Geir; Candeloro, Mauro; Berge, Jørgen; Moline, Mark A.

doi:10.1007/s00300-014-1471-4

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Some of the prey items such as Thysanoessa spp. (krill) are known to be bioluminescent [37], which might act as a cue for detecting these organisms in the dark [37][38][39]. However, there are clearly other search mechanisms that need to be investigated, such as acoustic and/or tactile mechanisms, as suggested for cormorants and petrels [36,40].…”

Section: Seabird and Fish Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic

et al. 2015

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The current understanding of Arctic ecosystems is deeply rooted in the classical view of a bottom-up controlled system with strong physical forcing and seasonality in primary-production regimes. Consequently, the Arctic polar night is commonly disregarded as a time of year when biological activities are reduced to a minimum due to a reduced food supply. Here, based upon a multidisciplinary ecosystem-scale study from the polar night at 79°N, we present an entirely different view. Instead of an ecosystem that has entered a resting state, we document a system with high activity levels and biological interactions across most trophic levels. In some habitats, biological diversity and presence of juvenile stages were elevated in winter months compared to the more productive and sunlit periods. Ultimately, our results suggest a different perspective regarding ecosystem function that will be of importance for future environmental management and decision making, especially at a time when Arctic regions are experiencing accelerated environmental change [1].

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Section: Seabird and Fish Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic

et al. 2015

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“…The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in research interest toward invertebrates in the Svalbard archipelago (e.g., Lippert et al 2001;Coulson et al 2003Coulson et al , 2014aJohnsen et al 2014;Pilskog et al 2014;Zawierucha et al 2015). Currently, the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Svalbard consists of over 1000 species (Coulson et al 2014b), and invertebrates are still being discovered in this region as both new records and new species to science (e.g., Kaczmarek et al 2012;Zawierucha 2013;Zawierucha et al 2013;Dabert et al 2014;Coulson et al 2014a, b;Coulson et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophagous mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) recorded from Svalbard, including the description of a new species

Kiedrowicz

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Zawierucha

et al. 2016

Polar Biol

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Eriophyoid mites (Eriophyoidea) are minute phytophagous mites with great economic importance and great invasive potential. In spite of their demonstrated impact on ecosystem functions, knowledge of eriophyoid mite fauna in the Arctic is lacking. To date, only eight eriophyoid mite species have been recorded from the entire region north of the Arctic Circle. The Svalbard archipelago is one of the most biologically investigated Arctic areas. Despite the fact that studies on invertebrates on Svalbard have been conducted for more than one hundred years, eriophyoids have never been recorded before from this place, except for one likely accidental record of a single specimen belonging to the genus Eriophyes. Thus, each new study of eriophyoid mite fauna in this region is important. In this paper, a new species of eriophyoid mite, Cecidophyes siedleckii n. sp., is described and illustrated. Nucleotide sequence data (D2 region of 28S rDNA) were employed to complement traditional morphological taxonomy. The first record of Aceria saxifragae (Rostrup 1900) from Svalbard is also provided, with supplementary morphological descriptions and illustrations. Eriophyoid mites represent an important and underutilized taxon that is available to ecologists studying the effects of changing climatic conditions on Svalbard.

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“…Approaches have employed a variety of techniques, including in situ imaging22 and submersible bathyphotometers that pump plankton into an enclosed chamber and measure their emission of light, which is termed bioluminescence potential 23242526. Such measurements can provide fine-scale resolution of populations of plankton, with sizes ranging from dinoflagellates through meso- and macrozooplankton and micronekton, based on their differential emission intensity and flash kinetics272829 (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1). This approach is best-suited for use in luminescent communities with relatively low taxonomic diversity, such as thin layers18 and polar waters29.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the Arctic, bioluminescence is found throughout the planktonic food web, from dinoflagellate genera Ceratium and Protoperidinium , through secondary consumers including the euphausiids Meganyctiphanes and Thysanoessa 293031. During spring, summer and autumn, the distribution and community composition of bioluminescent plankton in the Arctic has been investigated using a combination of net sampling and bathyphotometer profiling in fjords, open water, and beneath sea ice.…”

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Bioluminescence as an ecological factor during high Arctic polar night

Cronin

Cohen

Berge

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Bioluminescence commonly influences pelagic trophic interactions at mesopelagic depths. Here we characterize a vertical gradient in structure of a generally low species diversity bioluminescent community at shallower epipelagic depths during the polar night period in a high Arctic fjord with in situ bathyphotometric sampling. Bioluminescence potential of the community increased with depth to a peak at 80 m. Community composition changed over this range, with an ecotone at 20–40 m where a dinoflagellate-dominated community transitioned to dominance by the copepod Metridia longa. Coincident at this depth was bioluminescence exceeding atmospheric light in the ambient pelagic photon budget, which we term the bioluminescence compensation depth. Collectively, we show a winter bioluminescent community in the high Arctic with vertical structure linked to attenuation of atmospheric light, which has the potential to influence pelagic ecology during the light-limited polar night.

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Glowing in the dark: discriminating patterns of bioluminescence from different taxa during the Arctic polar night

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic

Unexpected Levels of Biological Activity during the Polar Night Offer New Perspectives on a Warming Arctic

Phytophagous mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) recorded from Svalbard, including the description of a new species

Bioluminescence as an ecological factor during high Arctic polar night

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