GLP-1’s role in neuroprotection: a systematic review

Erbil, Damla; Eren, Candan Yasemin; Demirel, Cagri; Küçüker, Mehmet Utku; Solaroğlu, İhsan; Eser, Hale Yapıcı

doi:10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000

Cited by 77 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 279 publications

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“…GLP-1 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and hence can act on microglia in the CNS; the long-lasting GLP-1 mimetic drug exenatide shares this property. As might be expected, exenatide has shown utility in rodent PD models [148][149][150][151][152][153][154]. While this agent might have some potential in PD therapy, dietary measures which amplify GLP-1 production by the intestinal ileum may have preventive value [155][156][157][158][159].…”

Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 86%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors—most prominently peroxynitrite—which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase—the source of its precursor superoxide—or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.

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Section: Blocking Induction Of Inos-ferulic Acid Dha Vitamin D Taumentioning

confidence: 86%

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

McCarty

Lerner

2020

IJMS

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“…Ex4 rapidly crosses the blood:brain barrier and enters the brain where GLP‐1R are present on neurons (Hamilton & Holscher, 2009). The GLP‐1 effects in the brain are not limited to the regulation of appetite but also results in a variety of neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions (Erbil et al., 2019). GLP‐1 was shown to reduce amyloid β levels in mouse brain (Perry et al., 2003) and in a model of AD (Li et al., 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin deficiency, but not resistance, exaggerates cognitive deficits in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid and tau proteins. Reversal by Exendin‐4 treatment

King

Anderson

Deciu

et al. 2020

J of Neuroscience Research

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Epidemiological studies have pointed at diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and this has been supported by several studies in animal models of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, side-by-side comparison of the two types of diabetes is limited. We investigated the role of insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in the development of memory impairments and the effect of Exendin-4 (Ex4) treatment in a mouse model of AD. Three-4-month-old female wild type (WT) mice and mice overexpressing human tau and amyloid precursor protein (TAPP) were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) or fed a high-fat diet (HFD). A second study was performed in TAPP-STZ mice treated with Ex4, a long-lasting analog of GLP-1. Plasma and brain were collected at study termination for ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analysis. Learning and memory deficits were impaired in TAPP

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“…Therefore, it can be proposed that Gardeniae fructus has higher potential to induce satiety among all single herbs in RCM-107. In fact, geniposide, a bioactive chemical constituent form, has already been reported as a GLP-1 receptor agonist [10,17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Weight-Loss Herbal Formula RCM-107 and Its Eight Individual Ingredients on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion—An In Vitro and In Silico Study

Luo

Gill

Feltis

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Obesity is a multifactorial disease that can lead to other health issues. Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), as one of the satiety signal, has been linked with appetite suppression and weight loss. Due to the limitations of GLP-1 and its analogues, alternative treatments such as herbal therapies have become popular. The herbal formula RCM-107 has demonstrated its inhibitory effects on lipid and carbohydrate absorption in our previous work. However, no published data described its effects on GLP-1 secretion. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of RCM-107 and its individual ingredients on GLP-1 secretion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to predict the key chemical compounds that are likely to be GLP-1 receptor agonists. Gardeniae fructus, one of the ingredients in RCM-107, demonstrated significantly greater effects on inducing GLP-1 secretion than the positive control epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Two Gardeniae fructus ligands, 3-epioleanolic acid and crocin were predicted to bind to the active form of GLP-1 receptor at the binding pocket with residues known for the receptor activation, suggesting that they could potentially serve as receptor agonists. Overall, this study reported the effects of researched herbs on GLP-1 secretion and proposed two compounds that may be responsible for antiobesity via GLP-1 receptor activation.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2854 2 of 13 hunger. It is known as an incretin hormone, secreted by enteroendocrine L cells in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) [5]. The amount of GLP-1 secretion is in response to calory intake. It can be stimulated by both fats and carbohydrates, while protein has only a minor impact [6]. The existing two major molecular forms of GLP-1 include GLP-1 (7-36) and GLP-1 (7-37), while the circulating active GLP-1 is mainly found in the form of GLP-1(7-36) [7].Reports showed that native GLP-1 has a very short half-life (less than 2 min) in vivo as a result of degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) in plasma [7,8]. Liraglutide, a stable GLP-1 analogue, was approved by FDA for treating obesity in 2014. It can suppress appetite and increase satiety by activating the GLP-1 receptor, which is located in the hypothalamus, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. However, it is a daily injectable treatment that is also relatively high cost [6,9].Due to these limitations on GLP-1 and its analogues, cost-effective herbal supplements, including natural products, medicinal plant extracts and Chinese herbal medicine, are popular alternatives for weight reduction. Natural products such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) [5], geniposide [10], berberine [11] and ginsenoside metabolite compound K [12] have been shown to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in in vitro experiments.In this paper, we have investigated the commercially available RCM-107 formula (Slimming Plus), a modification of our previously studied RCM-104 formula, which demonstrated significant effects on weight loss in clinical trials [13]. RCM-107 co...

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GLP-1’s role in neuroprotection: a systematic review

Cited by 77 publications

References 279 publications

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson’s Disease

Insulin deficiency, but not resistance, exaggerates cognitive deficits in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid and tau proteins. Reversal by Exendin‐4 treatment

The Effects of a Weight-Loss Herbal Formula RCM-107 and Its Eight Individual Ingredients on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion—An In Vitro and In Silico Study

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