glpX Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Enzymatic Characterization of the Encoded Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase II

Gutka, Hiten J.; Rukseree, Kamolchanok; Wheeler, Paul R.; Franzblau, Scott G.; Movahedzadeh, Farahnaz

doi:10.1007/s12010-011-9219-x

Cited by 18 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An essential role for gluconeogenesis in mycobacterial metabolism in vivo has been confirmed by studies showing that disruption of pckA (214), which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, in virulent Mycobacterium bovis (215) or the vaccine strain M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (216), resulted in reduced virulence in animal models of infection. Expression of the M. tuberculosis genes pckA and glpX, the latter of which encodes fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, (215)(216)(217)(218), was found to be upregulated in the lungs of chronically infected mice (216). Observations such as these have led to the concept that M. tuberculosis switches its carbon source from carbohydrates to fatty acids during the chronic phase of infection (219).…”

Section: Microbial Factors Involved In Ltbi Lipid and Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Myths, Models, and Molecular Mechanisms

Dutta

Karakousis

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

201

174

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SUMMARY The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on human latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) based on clinical studies and observations, as well as experimental in vitro and animal models. Several key terms are defined, including “latency,” “persistence,” “dormancy,” and “antibiotic tolerance.” Dogmas prevalent in the field are critically examined based on available clinical and experimental data, including the long-held beliefs that infection is either latent or active, that LTBI represents a small population of nonreplicating, “dormant” bacilli, and that caseous granulomas are the haven for LTBI. The role of host factors, such as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, T regulatory cells, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), in controlling TB infection is discussed. We also highlight microbial regulatory and metabolic pathways implicated in bacillary growth restriction and antibiotic tolerance under various physiologically relevant conditions. Finally, we pose several clinically important questions, which remain unanswered and will serve to stimulate future research on LTBI.

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Section: Microbial Factors Involved In Ltbi Lipid and Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Myths, Models, and Molecular Mechanisms

Dutta

Karakousis

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

201

174

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“…Major histocompatibility complex CMI Cell-mediated immunity Th cell T helper cell HLA Human leukocyte antigen IL- 12 Interleukin-12 IFN-γ Interferon gamma TNF-α Tumour necrosis factor-α Nef…”

Section: Mhcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global epidemiology of this infection, its multidrug resistance added with the impact of AIDS and penury in most parts of the globe reduce the likelihood that TB will be controlled without a more effective vaccine. Therefore, innovative approaches to discover superior diagnostic methods, therapies and vaccine candidates are very necessary [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. M. tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Close View of Immunological Defence Mechanism

Kumari

Meena

2014

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Tuberculosis is the most deadly infectious disease. In particular, pulmonary tuberculosis, being the predominant one, is highly contagious. In past the 200 years, one billion tuberculosis (TB) deaths had occurred, and it is anticipated that in the next 25 years, more than 40 million people may be killed by TB unless control measures are implemented. There are various causes which increase the susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection; these include weakened immune system which occurs through various diseases and medications like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), type II diabetes, end-stage kidney disease, alcoholism and intravenous drug use, certain cancers, cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, malnutrition and very young or advanced age. Some other factors include tobacco use, which increases the risk of getting TB and dying from it. In this manuscript, the authors tried to summarize all the alterations occurring in immune system at cellular and molecular level which occur due to infection, metabolic changes and chemical exposure, which increase susceptibility to mycobacterial infection.

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“…The third block is part of the Li ϩ -sensitive phosphate motif and was shown previously by crystallographic and mutagenesis studies to be important but not sufficient for metal ion binding and catalysis (51). While FBPase II enzymes from E. coli (52), M. tuberculosis (50), Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (25), B. subtilis (33), and C. glutamicum (42) have been biochemically characterized, the characteristics of a promiscuous FBPase/SBPase from a nonphotosynthetic bacterium lacking the Calvin cycle have not yet been determined.…”

Section: Bioinformatic Analysis and Phylogeny Of The Fbpases Glpxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase and Sedoheptulose 1,7-Bisphosphatase from the Facultative Ribulose Monophosphate Cycle Methylotroph Bacillus methanolicus

Stolzenberger¹,

Lindner

Persicke

et al. 2013

J Bacteriol

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The genome of the facultative ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) cycle methylotroph Bacillus methanolicus encodes two bisphosphatases (GlpX), one on the chromosome (GlpX C ) and one on plasmid pBM19 (GlpX P ), which is required for methylotrophy. Both enzymes were purified from recombinant Escherichia coli and were shown to be active as fructose 1,6-bisphosphatases (FBPases). The FBPase-negative Corynebacterium glutamicum ⌬fbp mutant could be phenotypically complemented with glpX C and glpX P from B. methanolicus. GlpX P and GlpX C share similar functional properties, as they were found here to be active as homotetramers in vitro, activated by Mn 2؉ ions and inhibited by Li ؉ , but differed in terms of the kinetic parameters. GlpX C showed a much higher catalytic efficiency and a lower K m for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (86.3 s ؊1 mM ؊1 and 14 ؎ 0.5 M, respectively) than GlpX P (8.8 s ؊1 mM ؊1 and 440 ؎ 7.6 M, respectively), indicating that GlpX C is the major FBPase of B. methanolicus. Both enzymes were tested for activity as sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase), since a SBPase variant of the ribulose monophosphate cycle has been proposed for B. methanolicus. The substrate for the SBPase reaction, sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, could be synthesized in vitro by using both fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase proteins from B. methanolicus. Evidence for activity as an SBPase could be obtained for GlpX P but not for GlpX C . Based on these in vitro data, GlpX P is a promiscuous SBPase/FBPase and might function in the RuMP cycle of B. methanolicus.

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glpX Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Enzymatic Characterization of the Encoded Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase II

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Myths, Models, and Molecular Mechanisms

Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Myths, Models, and Molecular Mechanisms

Factors Affecting Susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Close View of Immunological Defence Mechanism

Characterization of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase and Sedoheptulose 1,7-Bisphosphatase from the Facultative Ribulose Monophosphate Cycle Methylotroph Bacillus methanolicus

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