Glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces the obesity-associated inflammation in the brain

Nuzzo, Domenico; Baldassano, Sara; Amato, Antonella; Picone, Pasquale; Galizzi, Giacoma; Caldara, Gaetano Felice; Carlo, Marta Di; Mulè, Flavia

doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2018.10.012

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The potential beneficial effect of pistachio on neurodegeneration was investigated by using an HFD fed mouse that provided a suitable model for studies on diet-induced metabolic changes and redox equilibrium disorders [5]. First, we determined if supplementation of an HFD with pistachio affected the neurodegeneration already showed to be present in the mouse cerebral cortex after 8 weeks on HFD [32]. We found a neuroprotective action of pistachio consumption, which partly prevented HFD-induced neuronal apoptosis, as demonstrated by a reduced number of cells with fragmented DNA in the cortical areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Intake of Pistachio Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of a High Fat-Diet in the Brain of Obese Mice

et al. 2020

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Obesity has been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunctions. Recent data showed that pistachio consumption is able to prevent and ameliorate dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of pistachio intake in HFD mice. Three groups of mice were fed a standard diet (STD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with pistachio (HFD-P) for 16 weeks. Metabolic parameters (oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction) were analyzed by using specific assays and biomarkers. The pistachio diet significantly reduced the serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the HFD model. No difference was observed in the index of insulin resistance between HFD and HFD-P. A higher number of fragmented nuclei were found in HFD cerebral cortex compared to STD and HFD-P. A decrease in reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and an increase of superoxide dismutase 2 and heme oxygenase expression were found in the brains of the HFD-P samples compared to HFD. Furthermore, the impaired mitochondrial function found in HFD brain was partially recovered in HFD-P mice. These results suggest that the regular intake of pistachio may be useful in preventing obesity-related neurodegeneration, being able to reduce both metabolic and cellular dysfunctions.The positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on health have been well documented [9,10]. The longevity of one Mediterranean population, over 90 years old without dementia, was attributed to the nutraceutical components of the Mediterranean diet [11]. Functional food has been reported to delay or inhibit neurodegeneration, suggesting their employment as an alternative therapeutic strategy for correlated diseases [12][13][14].Benefits of nut consumption (mainly pistachios, walnuts, and almonds) have been described in studies on both animals and humans [15,16]. Daily nut consumption can improve dysmetabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related cardiovascular diseases [17,18]. In particular, Pistacia atlantica oleoresin has been proposed as an agent that protects the body against conditions associated with oxidative stress [19], including memory impairment, in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats [20]. Nevertheless, the potential beneficial impact of nut intake on neurodegenerative disorders, as well as on other cognitive-behavioral deficits, has been poorly explored.Compared to other nuts, pistachios possess a healthier nutritional profile, with low-fat content, high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (13.3 g/100 g) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (24.5 g/100 g), minerals (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium) and vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamins B). Phytochemicals of pistachio show high bioavailability, contributing to the beneficial relationship between pistachio consumption and health-related outcomes [21]. Furthermore, recent data have demonstra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Intake of Pistachio Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of a High Fat-Diet in the Brain of Obese Mice

et al. 2020

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“…The procedures described here are found in previous papers 95,97 , in order to asses ROS generation we used two fluorescent probes: (1) dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA); (2) Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG). (1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation in the rat hippocampus

Frinchi

Nuzzo

Scaduto

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Recently we found that acute treatment with Oxotremorine (Oxo), a non-selective mAChRs agonist, up-regulates heat shock proteins and activates their transcription factor heat shock factor 1 in the rat hippocampus. Here we aimed to investigate: a) if acute treatment with Oxo may regulate pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus; b) if chronic restraint stress (CRS) induces inflammatory or oxidative alterations in the hippocampus and whether such alterations may be affected by chronic treatment with Oxo. In the acute experiment, rats were injected with single dose of Oxo (0.4 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. In the CRS experiment, the rats were exposed for 21 days to the CRS and then were treated with Oxo (0.2 mg/kg) for further 10 days. The acute Oxo treatment showed an ability to significantly reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), singlet oxygen (1O2), pro-inflammatory cytokines levels (IL-1β and IL-6) and phosphorylated NF-κB-p65. Acute Oxo treatment also increased superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 protein levels and stimulated SOD activity. No differences were detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, including IL-10 and TGF-β1. In the group of rats exposed to the CRS were found increased hippocampal IL-1β and IL-6 levels, together with a reduction of SOD activity level. These changes produced by CRS were counteracted by chronic Oxo treatment. In contrast, the upregulation of ROS and 1O2 levels in the CRS group was not counteracted by chronic Oxo treatment. The results revealed a hippocampal anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Oxo treatment in both basal conditions and anti-inflammatory in the CRS rat model.

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“…In humans and in animal models, numerous data suggest that consumption of HFD can lead to memory deficits and significant brain inflammation and oxidative stress (Nuzzo et al, 2015(Nuzzo et al, , 2019(Nuzzo et al, , and 2020Guillemot-Legris & Muccioli, 2017). In fact, in obese subjects, the fat tissue is an active endocrine organ with a high metabolic activity producing several mediators such as adipokines and cytokines including leptin, IL-1β, and IL-6.…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular bases

Picone

Carlo

Nuzzo

2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Obesity is a complex, chronic, and multifactorial condition characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in tissues and organs and inducing negative effects on human health. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease, associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The correlation between obesity and Alzheimer's disease has been discovered, but the molecules and molecular mechanisms linking these conditions are not yet fully elucidated. In this review, we focused on the most important processes linking the fat accumulation and the alterations of the brain structure and functions.

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Glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces the obesity-associated inflammation in the brain

Cited by 35 publications

References 63 publications

Regular Intake of Pistachio Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of a High Fat-Diet in the Brain of Obese Mice

Regular Intake of Pistachio Mitigates the Deleterious Effects of a High Fat-Diet in the Brain of Obese Mice

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation in the rat hippocampus

Obesity and Alzheimer’s disease: Molecular bases

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