Glucagon‐like peptide agonists: A prospective review

Mariam, Zamara; Niazi, Sarfaraz K.

doi:10.1002/edm2.462

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Treatment of patients with obesity, insulin resistance, and T2D is rapidly changing with the introduction of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatments such as liraglutide and semaglutide [70][71][72]. To our knowledge, there have not been any studies investigating effects of these therapies on chemerin levels and activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemerin in Participants with or without Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

Zhao,

Zhou,

Abbasi

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Chemerin is a chemokine/adipokine, regulating inflammation, adipogenesis and energy metabolism whose activity depends on successive proteolytic cleavages at its C-terminus. Chemerin levels and processing are correlated with insulin resistance. We hypothesized that chemerin processing would be higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and in those who are insulin resistant (IR). This hypothesis was tested by characterizing different chemerin forms by specific ELISA in the plasma of 18 participants with T2D and 116 without T2D who also had their insulin resistance measured by steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during an insulin suppression test. This approach enabled us to analyze the association of chemerin levels with a direct measure of insulin resistance (SSPG concentration). Participants were divided into groups based on their degree of insulin resistance using SSPG concentration tertiles: insulin sensitive (IS, SSPG ≤ 91 mg/dL), intermediate IR (IM, SSPG 92–199 mg/dL), and IR (SSPG ≥ 200 mg/dL). Levels of different chemerin forms were highest in patients with T2D, second highest in individuals without T2D who were IR, and lowest in persons without T2D who were IM or IS. In the whole group, chemerin levels positively correlated with both degree of insulin resistance (SSPG concentration) and adiposity (BMI). Participants with T2D and those without T2D who were IR had the most proteolytic processing of chemerin, resulting in higher levels of both cleaved and degraded chemerin. This suggests that increased inflammation in individuals who have T2D or are IR causes more chemerin processing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemerin in Participants with or without Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

Zhao,

Zhou,

Abbasi

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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“…Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as Semaglutid and Liraglutide, have been established as a therapeutic approach to increase insulin secretion and sensitivity and to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes [511]. GLP-1 receptor agonists decrease mortality in diabetic patients, and their beneficial effects also include direct protective actions on the vasculature, heart, and kidney [512].…”

Section: Pharmacological Interventions To Protect From Ckd-associated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease—From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies

Heitman,

Alexander,

Faul

2024

IJMS

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant reductions in lean body mass and in the mass of various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which causes fatigue and contributes to high mortality rates. In CKD, the cellular protein turnover is imbalanced, with protein degradation outweighing protein synthesis, leading to a loss of protein and cell mass, which impairs tissue function. As CKD itself, skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, can have various origins and causes, and both CKD and sarcopenia share common risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. While these pathologies together with reduced physical performance and malnutrition contribute to muscle loss, they cannot explain all features of CKD-associated sarcopenia. Metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the accumulation of uremic toxins have been identified as additional factors that occur in CKD and that can contribute to sarcopenia. Here, we discuss the elevation of systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, and the imbalance in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism as another CKD-associated pathology that can directly and indirectly harm skeletal muscle tissue. To identify causes, affected cell types, and the mechanisms of sarcopenia and thereby novel targets for therapeutic interventions, it is important to first characterize the precise pathologic changes on molecular, cellular, and histologic levels, and to do so in CKD patients as well as in animal models of CKD, which we describe here in detail. We also discuss the currently known pathomechanisms and therapeutic approaches of CKD-associated sarcopenia, as well as the effects of hyperphosphatemia and the novel drug targets it could provide to protect skeletal muscle in CKD.

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“…Recently, semaglutide and tirzepatide which were initially approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are licensed to be used for the treatment of obesity [18,19]. However, considering the side effect profiles and potential adverse effects of these available drugs previously mentioned, it becomes evident that there is a necessity to explore novel anti-obesity agents with new mechanisms of action.…”

Section: Phentermine Sibutraminementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms VA and VB in obesity: Implications, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects

KAÇMAZ,

TRAWALLY,

AKDEMİR

2024

jrp

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Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes ubiquitous in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and catalyze a very basic physiological reaction. In particular, hCA VA and hCA VB isoenzymes are mitochondrial isoforms that are involved in metabolic processes such as ureagenesis, gluconeogenesis, and de novo lipogenesis by providing bicarbonate. The development of inhibitors for hCA VA and hCA VB commenced following the observation of weight loss, a metabolic adverse effect, in epileptic patients who were using antiepileptic medicines such as topiramate, zonisamide, and acetazolamide. Based on the structures of these drugs, the rational drug design technique, together with the famous "tail approach" was applied to develop novel hCA VA and hCA VB inhibitors that have potential as anti-obesity drug candidates. This review summarizes the implication of hCA VA and hCA VB in the pathophysiology of obesity and the inhibitory activities of small molecules developed against hCA VA and hCA VB as potential anti-obesity agents.

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Glucagon‐like peptide agonists: A prospective review

Cited by 22 publications

References 82 publications

Chemerin in Participants with or without Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

Chemerin in Participants with or without Insulin Resistance and Diabetes

Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease—From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies

Role of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms VA and VB in obesity: Implications, mechanisms, and therapeutic prospects

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