Glucagon secretion after metabolic surgery in diabetic rodents

Eickhoff, Hans; Louro, Teresa; Matafome, Paulo; Seiça, Raquel; Sousa, F. Castro e

doi:10.1530/joe-14-0445

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…5C), suggesting that gastric bypass surgery results in a significant increase of a-cells. Enhanced fasting glucagon levels and post-surgery glucagon secretion have been observed in animal and human studies (Jorgensen et al 2012, Eickhoff et al 2014. In the present study and others using the GK rat model (Saeidi et al 2013), fasting blood glucose level was not notably altered following RYGB, presumably because of the increase of a-cells and enhancement of fasting glucagon response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Pancreatic hyperplasia after gastric bypass surgery in a GK rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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Gastric bypass surgery produces clear antidiabetic effects in a substantial proportion of morbidly obese patients. In view of the recent trend away from 'bariatric' surgery and toward 'metabolic' surgery, it is important to elucidate the enhancing effect of bypass surgery on pancreatic b-cell mass, which is related to diabetes remission in non-obese patients. We investigated the effects of gastric bypass surgery on glycemic control and other pancreatic changes in a spontaneous non-obese type 2 diabetes Goto-Kakizaki rat model. Significant improvements in postprandial hyperglycemia and plasma c-peptide level were observed when glucose was administered orally post-surgery. Other important events observed after surgery were enhanced first phase insulin secretion in a in site pancreatic perfusion experiment, pancreatic hyperplasia, improved islet structure (revealed by immunohistochemical analysis), striking increase in b-cell mass, slight increase in ratio of b-cell area to total pancreas area, and increased number of small islets closely related to exocrine ducts. No notable changes were observed in ratio of b-cell to non-b endocrine cell area, b-cell apoptosis, or b-cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that gastric bypass surgery in this rat model increases endocrine cells and pancreatic hyperplasia, and reflect the important role of the gastrointestinal system in regulation of metabolism. Key Words" type 2 diabetes mellitus " gastric bypass surgery

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Pancreatic hyperplasia after gastric bypass surgery in a GK rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes

Zhou

Qian

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…This finding was unexpected, as both glucose 13 and GLP-1 14 inhibit glucagon release, and since the 30 min postprandial concentrations of glucose was increased after SG and the GLP-1 concentrations after 30 and 120 min were increased after SG and RYGB. Others have also found that postprandial glucagon secretion was not inhibited by meals or glucose after gastric bypass despite higher GLP-1 secretion in patients 15–17 or in rats after gastric sleeve or gastric bypass surgeries 18 . This suggest that the SG patients may have an impaired inhibitory effect of glucose on glucagon secretion (alpha-cell resistance), which has been observed in an alpha-cell model of insulin resistence 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Short-term effects of Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose homeostasis

Gudbrandsen

Dankel

Skumsnes

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to compare the biochemical changes related to glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in non-diabetic patients shortly after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Non-diabetic women and men with morbid obesity were studied the day before and six days after SG (N = 15) or RYGB (N = 16). Patients completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) at both visits. SG and RYGB similarly improved fasting glucose homeostasis six days after surgery, with reduced glucose and insulin concentrations. The OGTT revealed differences between the two surgery groups that were not evident from the fasting serum concentrations. Postprandial (120 min) glucose and insulin concentrations were lower after RYGB but not after SG, whereas concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, glucagon and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated after both SG and RYGB. Fasting triacylglycerol concentration did not change after surgery, but concentrations of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterols were reduced in both surgery groups, with no differences between the groups. To conclude, RYGB induced a more pronounced improvement in postprandial glucose homeostasis relative to SG, possibly due to improved insulin sensitivity rather than augmented insulin concentration.

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“…Another study demonstrated an early attenuation of the glucagon response to a mixed meal early after both LSG and RYGB, but fasting glucagon levels were similar to preoperative values at 1 year after either operation type [13]. Rodent models of LSG also find reduced fasting glucagon, as well as an augmented response following meal stimulation and improved glucagon: insulin ratio that is superior to RYGB [37]. Considered together with our results, most data suggest that LSG provides early and ongoing significant improvement in glucagon levels in both overt clinical T2DM and subclinical insulin resistance in the obese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fasting Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Adipose-Derived Hormones and on Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlterations in gastrointestinal, pancreatic, and adipose hormone levels may have a greater role in weight loss than initially appreciated. The laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) operation is now the most frequently performed bariatric operation in many countries, but there are relatively few data regarding its molecular effects. We sought to characterize the effect of LSG on fasting plasma levels of selected hormones and on non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and to compare these to levels in non-obese control individuals.Materials and MethodsThe levels of nine plasma hormones were measured using a multiplex bead-based assay at baseline and at 3 months after operation in 11 obese patients undergoing LSG. NEFA levels were also measured. The levels were compared to those for 22 age- and sex-matched non-obese individuals.ResultsAt baseline, obese patients showed significantly higher expression of C-peptide, insulin, and leptin and significantly lower ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and resistin compared to non-obese controls (p < 0.05). LSG resulted in a reduction in BMI from 42.5 ± 6.47 kg/m2 at operation to 35.2 ± 5.14 kg/m2 at 3 months (42 % mean excess weight loss, p < 0.001). LSG led to a significant decrease in ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and NEFA.ConclusionLSG induces marked early changes in the fasting levels of factors thought to be important regulators of obesity and metabolic health. These changes differ somewhat from the findings for operations with a malabsorptive component, suggesting that subtle differences exist in the mechanisms of weight loss between LSG and other bariatric operations.

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Glucagon secretion after metabolic surgery in diabetic rodents

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Pancreatic hyperplasia after gastric bypass surgery in a GK rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes

Pancreatic hyperplasia after gastric bypass surgery in a GK rat model of non-obese type 2 diabetes

Short-term effects of Vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose homeostasis

Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fasting Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Adipose-Derived Hormones and on Non-Esterified Fatty Acids

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