Glucagon Secretion during the Perinatal Period

Girard, Jean; Assan, R

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7514-2_14

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…On the other hand, the incidence of neonatal acidosis was highest in the premature piglets so the proportion of animals with raised glucagon levels was greater in this group. Previous studies on other species have shown that hypoxia, which is often associated with acidosis, increases plasma glucagon concentra¬ tions in the fetus (Johnston & Bloom, 1973;Girard & Assan, 1981;Shelley & Girard, 1981). However, in the present experiments there was little evidence of intrapartum hypoxia even in the acidotic piglets.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Fetal cells secrete glucagon in culture but appear to be relatively unresponsive to stimuli in utero (Sperling, 1977;Milner, 1981;Bassett & Fletcher, 1982). However, many of the studies of glucagon secretion in utero have been carried out in animals in which the stress of anaesthesia or labour may have influenced glucagon release (Girard & Assan, 1981;Girard & Sperling, 1983). Certainly anaesthesia and surgery alter pancreatic ß cells function in the fetus (Fowden, Comline & Silver, 1982;Fowden, Silver, Ellis et al 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Pancreatic α cell function in the fetal and newborn pig

Silver¹,

Fowden²,

Comline³

et al. 1986

Journal of Endocrinology

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Plasma glucagon concentrations were measured in chronically catheterized fetal pigs during the last third of gestation and compared with the values observed in anaesthetized fetuses of similar gestational age. The mean plasma concentration of glucagon in the chronically catheterized fetuses was 10.0 +/- 1.4 (S.E.M.) pmol/l (n = 11; term = 114 +/- 2 days). Concentrations were increased after catheterization and fell to baseline values within 48 h of surgery. Arginine infusion evoked a rapid release of glucagon in chronically catheterized fetuses between 105 and 108 days of gestation; the mean maximum increment in plasma glucagon was 15.4 +/- 4.5 pmol/l (n = 5). Plasma glucagon concentrations increased with increasing gestational age in both anaesthetized and chronically catheterized fetuses. Between 95 and 110 days of gestation, glucagon levels were significantly higher in anaesthetized fetuses than in chronically catheterized animals with similar normal pH values. Catheterization and prematurity had no apparent effect on plasma glucagon levels at birth. The plasma concentrations at birth were similar to those observed in the chronically catheterized fetuses in utero provided the piglets did not become acidotic during delivery. Significantly higher plasma levels of glucagon were found in newborn piglets with acidaemia (pH less than 7.3) than in piglets with normal pH values at birth (pH greater than 7.3). When all the data from the newborn piglets were combined, there was a significant negative correlation (r = -0.79, n = 39, P less than 0.01) between blood pH and the plasma concentration of glucagon at birth. These observations demonstrate that the fetal alpha cells are functional and responsive in utero and at birth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Pancreatic α cell function in the fetal and newborn pig

Silver¹,

Fowden²,

Comline³

et al. 1986

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The slight inhibitory effect of insulin on the action of glucagon only occurred when the insulin concentration was 20 times higher than that of the glucagon. However, this seems to be close to the in vivo conditions, where the level of plasma insulin is approximately 20 times higher than that of glucagon in the foetus at the end of gestation [8]. This might explain the slight effect of glucagon on enzyme activity in vivo [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Induction of the five urea-cycle enzymes by glucagon in cultured foetal rat hepatocytes

1987

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“…In term human infants with fetal distress and evidence of hypoxia at time of delivery, plasma glucagon concentrations increased 2-fold within 2 h after birth and were higher than in normal newborns (Johnston & Bloom, 1973). Additional animal studies have demonstrated increased fetal glucagon concentrations in response to maternal starvation (>24 h in rat or >6 days in sheep), hypoxia or elevated catecholamines (Girard et al 1974(Girard et al , 1977Sperling et al 1980;Girard & Assan, 1981;Schreiner et al 1981;Shelley & Girard, 1981;Girard & Sperling, 1983). However, it is unknown if this hyperglucagonaemia has an impact on the fetus or is merely a sign of fetal distress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late gestation fetal hyperglucagonaemia impairs placental function and results in diminished fetal protein accretion and decreased fetal growth

Cilvik

Wesolowski

Anthony

et al. 2021

The Journal of Physiology

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Fetal glucagon concentrations are elevated in the setting of placental insufficiency, hypoxia and elevated stress hormones. r Chronically elevated glucagon concentrations in the adult result in profound decreases in amino acid concentrations and lean body mass. r Experimental elevation of fetal glucagon concentrations in a late-gestation pregnant sheep results in lower fetal amino acid concentrations, lower protein accretion and lower fetal weight, in addition to decreased placental function.r This study demonstrates a negative effect of glucagon on fetal protein accretion and growth, and also provides the first example of a fetal hormone that negatively regulates placental nutrient transport and blood flow.

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Glucagon Secretion during the Perinatal Period

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Pancreatic α cell function in the fetal and newborn pig

Pancreatic α cell function in the fetal and newborn pig

Induction of the five urea-cycle enzymes by glucagon in cultured foetal rat hepatocytes

Late gestation fetal hyperglucagonaemia impairs placental function and results in diminished fetal protein accretion and decreased fetal growth

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