Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Effects on Adrenocorticotropin and β-Endorphin in the Adrenalectomized Rat

Lim, Alan T.; Khalid, B. A. K.; Clements, Judith A.; Funder, John W.

doi:10.1172/jci110556

Cited by 112 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These levels are onethird those in hypothalamus, and about three orders of magnitude lower than those in the pituitary, on a whole tissue basis (7). To ascertain the cell population(s) of origin of the immunoreactive material, mouse spleen cells were dissociated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spleens from five mice were minced with a sterile razor blade and incubated at 370C for 20 min in 10 ml Dulbecco's phosphatebuffered saline (DPBS; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Parkville, Victoria, Australia), containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 7.5 mM glucose, 1.5 mg/ml trypsin (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO), and 40 Ag/ml DNase (Worthington Biochemical Co., Freehold, NJ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, Bouin's fixed (4 Radioimmunoassay. Spleens were collected in 2 ml of 0.1 N HCO at 40C, and processed for radioimmunoassay as previously published (5,7). The antiserum (R56) raised against ovine REP (Peninsula Laboratories, Inc., Belmont, CA) crossreacted 100% with human and ovine REP, and with flEP1-27, but <0.1% with (#EPl-17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.

Lolait¹,

Lim²,

Toh³

et al. 1984

J. Clin. Invest.

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.

Lolait¹,

Lim²,

Toh³

et al. 1984

J. Clin. Invest.

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sensitivity of the cortisol assay was 1 nmoll-1 with a within-assay CV of 2%. The antiserum (RI-3) used in the RIA for ACTH was highly specific (cross-reacts less than 0·2% with aMSH or CLIP), but the antiserum (R56) used in the RIA for iJ-EP cross-reacts on an equimolar basis with iJ-lipotrophin (iJ-LPH) (Lim et al 1982). Thus, in this paper, immuno-reactive iJ-EP represents a mixture of iJ-EP and iJ-LPH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Myiasis and Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive , ß-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Cortisol in the Sheep

Shutt¹,

Smith²,

Wallace³

et al. 1988

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cutaneous myiasis in sheep arising from the activity of Lucilia cuprina larvae can result in significant physiological changes in susceptible animals. The stress imposed on the pituitary-adrenal axis of the sheep in response to myiasis and acute restraint is the subject of this investigation. Merino wethers were exposed to handling restraint, and blood sampling, during examination for blowfly strike; where necessary, they were treated for cutaneous myiasis. Significant changes in the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive J3-endorphin (J3-EP), ACTH and cortisol were found in sheep with extensive myiasis, as compared with unstruck sheep or those with only localized myiasis. In five susceptible sheep with extensive cutaneous myiasis, mean plasma levels of J3-EP, ACTH and cortisol were 307 ± 71 pg ml-1, 953 ± 58 pg ml-1 and 232 ± 46 nmoll-1 respectively, compared with 818 ± 89 pg ml-1, 641 ± 41 pg ml-1 and 107 ± 17 nmol I-I in six unstruck sheep handled similarly. Whereas significant increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol can result from pituitary-adrenal responses to acute emotional or surgical stress, and are usually accompanied by a concomitant release of J3-EP from the pituitary, the present findings indicate a marked reduction in J3-EP levels and a significant increase in ACTH and cortisol in sheep following blowfly strike and acute handling restraint. This result suggests that cutaneous myiasis in susceptible sheep can alter the pituitaryadrenal response to acute restraint stress, and this could occur either by an alteration of precursor processing in the pituitary or by the selective release of ACTH.

show abstract

“…This hypothesis was The elution positions of synthetic ovine NacEP standards are synthetic ovine NacaEP (l), NayEP (2), NacEP,_,, (3) and NacEP,-27 (4); these are arrowed and were established in separate runs. The peak eluting between peaks 2 and 3 is uncharacterized, but may represent NacEP,-,,.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress‐Related Changes in β‐Endorphin Processing: The Limitations of Slaughterhouse Material

Smith

Wallace

Clarke

et al. 1989

J Neuroendocrinology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the sheep, unlike many other species, a significant proportion ( > 25%) of immunoreactive P-endorphin in the anterior pituitary is post-translationally modified to opioid-inactive, a-N-acetylated forms. In a study to determine the precise molecular nature of a-Nacetylated P-endorphin immunoreactivity, we noted a striking difference in high-performance liquid chromatography profiles of anterior pituitary extracts between sheep killed on the farm, and age-, sex-and strain-matched slaughterhouse animals. These altered patterns of a-N-acetylated P-endorphin processing were reproduced in farm animals by chronic ( 5 4 days) treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone; in contrast dexamethasone had no effect on a-N-acetylated 8-endorphin processing in hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected sheep. These data suggest that (1) the change in processing is a stress response, mediated by prolonged glucocorticoid exposure, (2) this effect is central, rather t h a n a direct effect on t h e pituitary, and (3) t h e relative abundance of various peptide sequences in slaughterhouse-derived material may not reflect their abundance under more physiological conditions.The stress-induced release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), Pendorphin (PEP), P-lipotropin (PLPH) and other proopiomelanocortin (P0MC)-derived peptides from the anterior pituitary (AP) I \ mediated by hypothalamic-releasing factors secreted into the hypophyseal portal blood system. Synthesis of POMC, and release of processed POMC-derived peptides, are stimulated by both corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and arginine vasopresb i n , with other hypothalamic agents possibly involved (1). The AP corticotrope is also subject to inhibitory control by direct glucocorticoid feedback from the adrenal gland (2-4). Glucocorticoids not only inhibit ACTH/BEP release, but also negatively regulate I'OMC gene expression in the AP (5-7). In addition, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone administered in vivo causes a rapid decrease in C R F content of rat median eminence (8), evidence that glucocorticoids regulate release of POMC products from the AP b y central as well as direct effects. Finally, in addition to regulating biosynthesis of POMC and secretion of its products, glucocorticoids and CRF in vitro (9) have been shown to modulate the pattern of POMC processing in cultured rat AP cells.In the AP of the sheep, in contrast to the rat, a significant proportion ( > 25%) of PEP is a-N-acetylated; that this does not represent intermediate lobe contamination has been shown by \\edge dissection of the neurointermediate lobe, and confirmed by immunocytochemistry (10). The present study was initially undertaken to characterize the precise molecular species of immunoreactive a-N-acetylated endorphin (NacEP) in sheep AP extracts.The immunoreactive profiles, determined by reversed-phase (RP) HPLC and RIA specific for the a-N-acetylated NH, terminus of PEP, differed quite markedly in farm sheep from those observed in age-, sex-and strain-matched slaughterhouse anim...

show abstract

Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Effects on Adrenocorticotropin and β-Endorphin in the Adrenalectomized Rat

Abstract: A B S T R A C T Immunoreactive ACTH (ir-ACTH

Cited by 112 publications

References 29 publications

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.

Immunoreactive beta-endorphin in a subpopulation of mouse spleen macrophages.

Effect of Myiasis and Acute Restraint Stress on Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive , ß-Endorphin, Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and Cortisol in the Sheep

Stress‐Related Changes in β‐Endorphin Processing: The Limitations of Slaughterhouse Material

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About