Glucocorticoid production in the thymus and brain: Immunosteroids and neurosteroids

Salehzadeh, Melody; Soma, Kiran K.

doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100352

Cited by 10 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…The rising LPS level is accompanied by negative emotion, anxiety, social disconnection, anhedonia, and fatigue [ 58 ]. LPS can influence glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hypothalamus that involves HPA-axis regulation [ 59 , 60 , 61 ]. The downregulation of LPS according to the synbiotics administration in the current study corresponded to the negative scale scores of TST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Synbiotics Administration on Stress-Related Parameters in Thai Subjects—A Preliminary Study

Lalitsuradej

Sirilun

Sittiprapaporn

et al. 2022

Foods

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Urbanization influences our lifestyle, especially in fast-paced environments where we are more prone to stress. Stress management is considered advantageous in terms of longevity. The use of probiotics for psychological treatment has a small amount of diverse proven evidence to support this. However, studies on stress management in stressed subjects using synbiotics are still limited. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotics on stress in the Thai population. A total of 32 volunteers were enrolled and screened using a Thai Stress Test (TST) to determine their stress status. Participants were divided into the stressed and the non-stressed groups. Synbiotics preparation comprised a mixture of probiotics strains in a total concentration of 1 × 1010 CFU/day (5.0 × 109 CFU of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 and 5.0 × 109 CFU of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis) and 10 g prebiotics (5 g galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and 5 g oligofructose (FOS)). All parameters were measured at baseline and after the 12th week of the study. In the stressed group, the administration of synbiotics significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the negative scale scores of TST, and tryptophan. In the non-stressed group, the synbiotics administration decreased tryptophan significantly (p < 0.05), whereas dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate were increased significantly (p < 0.05). In both groups, cortisol, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced, whereas anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 (IL-10) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were increased. In conclusion, synbiotics administration attenuated the negative feelings via the negative scale scores of TST in stressed participants by modulating the HPA-axis, IL-10, IgA, and LPS. In comparison, synbiotics administration for participants without stress did not benefit stress status but showed remodeling SCFAs components, HPA-axis, and tryptophan catabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Synbiotics Administration on Stress-Related Parameters in Thai Subjects—A Preliminary Study

Lalitsuradej

Sirilun

Sittiprapaporn

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…47 In all three of these in vitro experiments, [45][46][47] it is not possible to say whether the effects in humans would relate to the actions of the peripheral cutaneous CRF-POMC system, 4,10,28 or the effects of circulating ACTH and the actions of the HPA system more generally. 1,2,6,7 To draw further conclusions would require in vivo 48 and clinical studies. 49 The physical and psychological symptoms and signs of psoriasis affect all parts of a patient's life.…”

Section: Psoriasis the Hpa Axis And Psychodermatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…56 1. 6 | AE, the HPA axis and psychodermatology α-MSH can elicit itch (or pruritus) responses too in mouse models. 57 The biology of itch is complex, and it can occur both with a dermatosis and without.…”

Section: Psoriasis the Hpa Axis And Psychodermatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and psychodermatology

Millington

Palmer²

2023

Skin Health and Disease

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Psychodermatology is the crossover discipline between Dermatology and Clinical Psychology and/or Psychiatry. It encompasses both Psychiatric diseases that present with cutaneous manifestations (such as delusional infestation) or more commonly, the psychiatric or psychological problems associated with skin disease, such as depression associated with psoriasis. These problems may be the result either of imbalance in or be the consequence of alteration in the homoeostatic endocrine mechanisms found in the systemic hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis or in the local cutaneous corticotrophin‐releasing factor‐proopiomelanocortin‐corticosteroid axis. Alteration in either of these systems can lead to immune disruption and worsening of immune dermatoses and vice‐versa. These include diseases such as psoriasis, atopic eczema, acne, alopecia areata, vitiligo and melasma, all of which are known to be linked to stress. Similarly, stress and illnesses such as depression are linked with many immunodermatoses and may reflect alterations in the body's central and peripheral neuroendocrine stress pathways. It is important to consider issues pertaining to skin of colour, particularly with pigmentary disorders.

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“…Circulating GC levels often do not reflect local GC levels. An adrenalectomy eliminates serum GC but not in the hippocampus or cerebral cortex [ 83 ]. The potential clinical importance of tissue GC synthesis should be further clarified.…”

Section: Extra-adrenal Mineralo- and Glucocorticoid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Epigenetic Control of Aldosterone Synthase, CYP11B2 and 11-Hydroxylase, CYP11B1

Takeda

Demura

Kometani

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Aldosterone and cortisol serve important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Epigenetics is a mechanism to control enzyme expression by genes without changing the gene sequence. Steroid hormone synthase gene expression is regulated by transcription factors specific to each gene, and methylation has been reported to be involved in steroid hormone production and disease. Angiotensin II or potassium regulates the aldosterone synthase gene, CYP11B2. The adrenocorticotropic hormone controls the 11b-hydroxylase, CYP11B1. DNA methylation negatively controls the CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 expression and dynamically changes the expression responsive to continuous stimulation of the promoter gene. Hypomethylation status of the CYP11B2 promoter region is seen in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Methylation of recognition sites of transcription factors, including cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1 or nerve growth factor-induced clone B, diminish their DNA-binding activity. A methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 cooperates directly with the methylated CpG dinucleotides of CYP11B2. A low-salt diet, treatment with angiotensin II, and potassium increase the CYP11B2 mRNA levels and induce DNA hypomethylation in the adrenal gland. A close association between a low DNA methylation ratio and an increased CYP11B1 expression is seen in Cushing’s adenoma and aldosterone-producing adenoma with autonomous cortisol secretion. Epigenetic control of CYP11B2 or CYP11B1 plays an important role in autonomic aldosterone or cortisol synthesis.

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Glucocorticoid production in the thymus and brain: Immunosteroids and neurosteroids

Cited by 10 publications

References 125 publications

The Effects of Synbiotics Administration on Stress-Related Parameters in Thai Subjects—A Preliminary Study

The Effects of Synbiotics Administration on Stress-Related Parameters in Thai Subjects—A Preliminary Study

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and psychodermatology

Molecular and Epigenetic Control of Aldosterone Synthase, CYP11B2 and 11-Hydroxylase, CYP11B1

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