Glucocorticoid-sensitive ventral hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortical connections support goal-directed action – Curt Richter Award Paper 2019

Barfield, Elizabeth T.; Gourley, Shannon L.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104436

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Given our unexpected findings, we next imaged a distinct dendrite population that we anticipated to be sensitive to excess CORT in adolescence—excitatory neurons in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Here, CORT caused spine attrition, replicating prior investigations (Gourley et al, 2013 ; Barfield and Gourley, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Specifically, CORT reduced the densities of mushroom- and thin-type dendritic spines, which could account for spine attrition in prior investigations that did not classify spine subtypes (Gourley et al, 2013 ). Notably, dendritic spine loss on OFC neurons also occurs with a shorter period of CORT exposure in adolescence (Barfield and Gourley, 2019 ) and parental neglect during a slightly earlier postnatal period (Helmeke et al, 2009 )—multiple indications that adversities early in life can cause spine attrition on OFC neurons. Interestingly, the Kolb group recently exposed female rats to the routine presentation of novel cagemates, an experience that likely triggers a stress response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dendritic segments, 15–20 μm in length, within 50–150 μm of the soma, were imaged. We focused on basal arbors because dendritic spines on these arbors are sensitive exogenous CORT exposure in adolescence (Barfield and Gourley, 2019 ), as well as other adolescent experiences, including olanzapine treatment (Milstein et al, 2013 ), environmental enrichment (Mychasiuk et al, 2014 ), and cocaine exposure (DePoy et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, chronic stress or prolonged exposure to elevated glucocorticoids extensively reorganizes PFC neuronal architecture (Leuner and Shors, 2013 ; McEwen and Morrison, 2013 ). Further, the degree of stress-related disruptions in PFC-dependent functions (attention, working memory, goal-directed decision making) in some cases correlates with the degree of neuronal structural change in PFC regions (Liston et al, 2006 ; Hains et al, 2009 ; Barfield and Gourley, 2019 ). Chronic stress can also impact synaptic plasticity in response to subsequent experiences, an example of stress-induced metaplasticity (Luczynski et al, 2015 ; Nasca et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Responses of Excitatory Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortical Neurons to Excess Corticosterone in Adolescence and Acute Stress in Adulthood

et al. 2020

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Considerable evidence indicates that chronic stress and excess glucocorticoids induce neuronal remodeling in prefrontal cortical (PFC) regions. Adolescence is also characterized by a structural reorganization of PFC neurons, yet interactions between stress-and age-related structural plasticity are still being determined. We quantified dendritic spine densities on apical dendrites of excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, prelimbic subregion (PL). Densities decreased across adolescent development, as expected, and spine volume increased. Unexpectedly, exposure to excess corticosterone (CORT) throughout adolescence did not cause additional dendritic spine loss detectable in adulthood. As a positive control dendrite population expected to be sensitive to CORT, we imaged neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), confirming CORT-induced dendritic spine attrition on basal arbors of layer V neurons. We next assessed the effects of acute, mild stress in adulthood: On PL neurons, an acute stressor increased the density of mature, mushroom-shaped spines. Meanwhile, on OFC neurons, dendritic spine volumes and lengths were lower in mice exposed to both CORT and an acute stressor (also referred to as a "double hit"). In sum, prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids during adolescence can have morphological and also metaplastic consequences, but they are not global. Anatomical considerations are discussed.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Responses of Excitatory Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortical Neurons to Excess Corticosterone in Adolescence and Acute Stress in Adulthood

et al. 2020

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“…Reinforcer devaluation, action–outcome contingency degradation, and other tasks have been used to reveal that drugs of abuse, stressors, and stress hormones cause biases toward habit‐based behaviors at the expense of goal‐directed actions (Barker & Taylor, ; DePoy & Gourley, ; Everitt & Robbins, ; Knowlton & Patterson, ; Schwabe & Wolf, ). Developmental exposure to social adversity (see Hinton, Li, Allen, & Gourley, ) and stressors or stress hormones (see Barfield & Gourley, and references therein) also cause habit biases evident in adulthood. These converging phenomena, observed across rodent and primate species, reinforce the utility of model organisms in understanding action/habit behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the rodent prelimbic and medial orbitofrontal cortices in goal‐directed action: A brief review

Woon

Sequeira

Barbee

et al. 2019

J of Neuroscience Research

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Goal‐directed action refers to selecting behaviors based on the expectation that they will be reinforced with desirable outcomes. It is typically conceptualized as opposing habit‐based behaviors, which are instead supported by stimulus–response associations and insensitive to consequences. The prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PL) is positioned along the medial wall of the rodent prefrontal cortex. It is indispensable for action–outcome‐driven (goal‐directed) behavior, consolidating action–outcome relationships and linking contextual information with instrumental behavior. In this brief review, we will discuss the growing list of molecular factors involved in PL function. Ventral to the PL is the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). We will also summarize emerging evidence from rodents (complementing existing literature describing humans) that it too is involved in action–outcome conditioning. We describe experiments using procedures that quantify responding based on reward value, the likelihood of reinforcement, or effort requirements, touching also on experiments assessing food consumption more generally. We synthesize these findings with the argument that the mOFC is essential to goal‐directed action when outcome value information is not immediately observable and must be recalled and inferred.

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Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice

Bryant,

Barker

2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Habit and motivation are thought to be separate processes, with motivated behavior often considered to be goal directed, whereas habits are defined by the absence of goal‐directed control over behavior. However, there has been increasing interrogation of the binary nature of habitual versus goal‐directed behavior. Furthermore, although drug and alcohol exposure can promote the formation of habits, drug seeking itself can also be highly flexible, pointing toward the need for complex consideration of the parallel processes that drive behavior. The goal of the current study was to determine whether there was a relation between motivation—as measured by progressive ratio—and habit—as measured by contingency degradation—and whether this relation was affected by ethanol exposure history and sex. The results showed that these measures were positively correlated such that greater contingency insensitivity was associated with achieving higher break points on the progressive‐ratio task. However, this relation depended on reinforcement schedule history, ethanol exposure history, and sex. These point to potential relations between measures of habit and motivation and stress the importance of carefully parsing behavioral findings and assays. These findings are also expected to inform future substance use research, as drug history may affect these relations.

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Glucocorticoid-sensitive ventral hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortical connections support goal-directed action – Curt Richter Award Paper 2019

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Morphological Responses of Excitatory Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortical Neurons to Excess Corticosterone in Adolescence and Acute Stress in Adulthood

Morphological Responses of Excitatory Prelimbic and Orbitofrontal Cortical Neurons to Excess Corticosterone in Adolescence and Acute Stress in Adulthood

Involvement of the rodent prelimbic and medial orbitofrontal cortices in goal‐directed action: A brief review

Positive correlation between measures of habitual responding and motivated responding in mice

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