Glucocorticoids Increase the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhance Adriamycin-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal Culture

McIntosh, Laura J.; Sapolsky, Robert M.

doi:10.1006/exnr.1996.0154

Cited by 185 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Depletion in the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants can be owed to an enhanced free radical production during cold stress. Moreover, physiological response to cold stress is by the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and subsequent release of corticosteron from the adrenal cortex into the blood stream [33] and the augmented endogenous corticosteron due to stress response [34] would have accelerated the generation of free radicals. In the present study an increase found in LPO was presumably associated with increased free radicals that would in turn inhibit the activities of SOD, CAT, GPx and GST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Basha

Poojary

2010

Neurochem Res

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Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus insecticide is known to cause ill health in non-target animals by inducing oxidative stress. In this study influence of cold stress (15°C and 20°C) and age as modulating factors on CPF induced oxidative stress was addressed to assess age-related differences and vulnerability in central nervous system of rats. The results indicated an interaction with age and cold exposure resulting in marked decreased activity levels of SOD (P \ 0.05), CAT (P \ 0.05), GPx (P \ 0.05), GST (P \ 0.05) followed by increased MDA (P \ 0.05) and decreased GSH levels (P \ 0.05). The ANOVA and Post-hoc analysis showed that antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly (P \ 0.05) on CPF exposure. Moreover synergistic action of CPF and cold stress at 15°C caused higher inhibition on comparison with CPF and cold stress alone and together at 20°C indicating the extent of peroxidative damage in discrete regions of CNS. Further this study showed young individuals to be more sensitive than adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Basha

Poojary

2010

Neurochem Res

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“…Furthermore, a recent study (Lupien et al, 1998) has shown that in human aging, higher cortisol levels correlated longitudinally with greater hippocampal volume loss. In addition to direct neurotoxicity, glucocorticoid exposure may also enhance neuronal vulnerability to other insults, including hypoxia/ischemia (Tombaugh and Sapolsky, 1992), superoxide radical generators (McIntosh and Sapolsky, 1996), and hypoglycemia (Lawrence and Sapolsky, 1994).…”

Section: Abstract: Hippocampus; Depression; Age; Amygdala; Magneticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression Duration But Not Age Predicts Hippocampal Volume Loss in Medically Healthy Women with Recurrent Major Depression

Sanghavi²,

et al. 1999

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This study takes advantage of continuing advances in the precision of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify hippocampal volumes in a series of human subjects with a history of depression compared with controls. We sought to test the hypothesis that both age and duration of past depression would be inversely and independently correlated with hippocampal volume. A sample of 24 women ranging in age from 23 to 86 years with a history of recurrent major depression, but no medical comorbidity, and 24 case-matched controls underwent MRI scanning. Subjects with a history of depression (post-depressed) had smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally than controls. Post-depressives also had smaller amygdala core nuclei volumes, and these volumes correlated with hippocampal volumes. In addition, post-depressives scored lower in verbal memory, a neuropsychological measure of hippocampal function, suggesting that the volume loss was related to an aspect of cognitive functioning. In contrast, there was no difference in overall brain size or general intellectual performance. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between hippocampal volume and age in either post-depressive or control subjects, whereas there was a significant correlation with total lifetime duration of depression. This suggests that repeated stress during recurrent depressive episodes may result in cumulative hippocampal injury as reflected in volume loss.

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“…Glucocorticoids are linked to neuronal cell death (Sapolsky, 1996), in part through greater oxidative stress damage, by increasing intra-neuronal levels of glutamate and calcium and impairing antioxidant defenses (McIntosh and Sapolsky, 1996). Glucocorticoid administration increases plasma markers of oxidative stress in mammals (Orzechowski et al, 2002;Lin et al, 2004).…”

Section: Stress Arousalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factors

Epel¹,

Lin²,

Wilhelm

et al. 2006

Psychoneuroendocrinology

397

303

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SummaryWe previously reported that psychological stress is linked to and possibly accelerates cellular aging, as reflected by lower PBMC telomerase and shortened telomeres. Psychological stress is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), with multiple behavioral and physiological mediators. Telomere shortness has been associated with CVD, but the relationship between low telomerase activity, a potential precursor to telomere shortening, and CVD risk factors has not been examined in humans. Here we examine whether telomere length and telomerase in leukocytes are associated with physiological signs of stress arousal and CVD risk factors in 62 healthy women. Low telomerase activity in leukocytes was associated with exaggerated autonomic reactivity to acute mental stress and elevated nocturnal epinephrine. Further, low telomerase activity was associated with the major risk factors for CVD -smoking, poor lipid profile, high systolic blood pressure, high fasting glucose, greater abdominal adiposity-as well as to a composite Metabolic Syndrome variable. Telomere length was related only to elevated stress hormones (catecholamines and cortisol). Thus, we propose that low leukocyte telomerase constitutes an early marker of CVD risk, possibly preceding shortened telomeres, that results in part from chronic stress arousal. Possible cellular mechanisms by which low telomerase may link stress and traditional risk factors to CVD are discussed. Psychoneuroendocrinology (2006) These findings may implicate telomerase as a novel and important mediator of the effects of psychological stress on physical health and disease. Q

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Glucocorticoids Increase the Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Enhance Adriamycin-Induced Toxicity in Neuronal Culture

Cited by 185 publications

References 0 publications

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Chlorpyrifos Induced Region Specific Vulnerability in Rat CNS and Modulation by Age and Cold Stress: An Interactive Study

Depression Duration But Not Age Predicts Hippocampal Volume Loss in Medically Healthy Women with Recurrent Major Depression

Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factors

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