Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease

Abstract

Gluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using data from experiments using isotopic tracer and spectroscopy methodologies. These in vitro, animal, and human studies provide insights into the changes in circulating levels of available gluconeogenesis substrates and the efficiency of converting those substrates to glucose by gluconeogenic organs. We highlight ongoing knowledge gaps, discuss emerging research areas, and suggest future investigations. A better understanding of altered gluconeogenesis flux may ultimately identify novel and targeted treatment strategies for such diseases.

Effect of Short-Term Glycerin Supplementation on Follicle Dynamics and Pregnancy Rate in Goats

“…Stress can lead to the increased activity of the sympathoadrenal system, which reduces glucose tolerance and increases the risk of acute cardiovascular events such as an increased heart rate [32]. Increased catecholamine levels lead to increased glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, and can cause the insulin-mediated suppression of glycogenesis under physiological circumstances, leading to hyperglycemia [33]. Activating β adrenergic receptors (AR) via epinephrine and norepinephrine results in insulin resistance [31].…”