Glucoregulatory Physiology in Subjects with Low-Normal, High-Normal, or Impaired Fasting Glucose

Dagogo‐Jack, Samuel; Askari, Hasan; Tykodi, Gunjan

doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1348

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some discordance between these studies may result from the use of surrogate markers (for example, HOMA IR -and OGTT-derived parameters), rather than direct measurements of insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp). However, findings remain conflicting when limiting consideration to clamp studies, showing both lower 14,31,34 and comparable 8,10,13 insulin sensitivity in IFG compared with NGT subjects. A possible explanation for these discrepancies, in addition to differences in methodology, could be the differences in clinical staging (for example, number of years with IGM) and the (in)comparability of study groups; in many previous reports subjects with IGM were older, had higher body weight and more metabolic abnormalities compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To determine insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) handling at baseline and after a high-fat mixed meal in impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG/IGT and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects. Design: In this multi-center study, insulin sensitivity and b-cell function were assessed (n ¼ 102), using a euglycemichyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic clamp with additional arginine stimulation and a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling was examined in a substudy using the forearm balance technique (n ¼ 35). Subjects: A total of 102 subjects with IFG (n ¼ 48), IGT (n ¼ 12), IFG/IGT (n ¼ 26) and NGT (n ¼ 16). Results: IFG, IGT and IFG/IGT subjects had lower insulin sensitivity with no differences between groups, and lower impaired b-cell function compared with NGT controls. The early postprandial increase in triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration was higher (iAUC 0À2 h IFG: 238.4 ± 26.5, IGT: 234.0 ± 41.0 and NGT: 82.6 ± 13.8 mmol l À1 min À1 , both Po0.05) and early TAG extraction was increased (AUC 0À2 h IFG: 56.8±9.0, IGT: 52.2±12.0 and NGT: 3.8±15.4 nmol Á 100 ml À1 min À1 , Po0.05 and P ¼ 0.057, respectively) in both IFG and IGT subjects. Conclusion: IFG, IGT and IFG/IGT subjects have lower insulin sensitivity and impaired b-cell function compared with age-and BMI-matched NGT controls. The increased postprandial TAG response and higher muscle TAG extraction in both IFG and IGT compared with NGT may lead to ectopic fat accumulation in the skeletal muscle, thereby contributing to insulin resistance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A close relationship exists between FPG and beta cell function, and increasing levels of NFPG have been associated with a 32% decrease in the beta cell function of adults [7,17]. Recently, DI has been shown to be predictive of the development of diabetes over 10 years [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a clinical condition associated with a threefold increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus [3][4][5][6][7], and IFG status acts as a good marker of the acute insulin response and the disposition index (DI) [8,9]. Although the established thresholds for defining IFG may be considered to be quite low, recent reports have suggested that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) within the normal range (NFPG) is a significant risk factor for future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults [3][4][5][6][7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the established thresholds for defining IFG may be considered to be quite low, recent reports have suggested that fasting plasma glucose (FPG) within the normal range (NFPG) is a significant risk factor for future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults [3][4][5][6][7]. Studies examining the association between NFPG and the risk of metabolic disease in children are sparse, although recent reports suggest that high NFPG levels constitute an independent risk factor for diabetes [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High normal fasting glucose level in obese youth: a marker for insulin resistance and beta cell dysregulation

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis A high but normal fasting plasma glucose level in adults is a risk factor for future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether normal fasting plasma glucose levels (<5.60 mmol/l) are associated with decreases in insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, as well as an adverse cardiovascular profile in obese youth. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a multiethnic sample of 1,020 obese youth (614 girls and 406 boys; mean age 12.9 years [CI 95% 12.7-13.1], BMI z score 2.34 [CI 95% 2.31-2.38]) with normal fasting plasma glucose. All participants had a standard OGTT, with calculation of indices of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. For the analysis, prepubertal and pubertal participants were stratified into quartiles of normal fasting plasma glucose. Results We observed a significant increase in fasting insulin and AUC 2 h glucose across quartiles. Pronounced changes were observed in insulin sensitivity and secretion, particularly in the pubertal group. Moreover, the odds of presenting with impaired glucose tolerance increased by 4.5% with each 0.06 mmol/l increase in fasting plasma glucose. No significant differences in cardiovascular indices were seen across quartiles. Conclusions/interpretation These data suggest that in obese youth, independent of age, BMI z score, sex, family history and ethnicity, insulin sensitivity and secretion decline when moving from low to high normal fasting plasma glucose. The simple measure of fasting plasma glucose could assist clinicians in identifying children for targeted diabetes screening and subsequent lifestyle management.

show abstract

“…The elevations of FPG [17][18][19], within normal range and from normal glucose range to impaired fasting glucose and to diabetic range, are consistent with decline in β cell function relative to insulin sensitivity. A curvilinear relationship between FPG and the relative β cell volume (and presumably the β cell mass) has been reported in human autopsy study [20].…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 59%

Fasting plasma glucose after intensive insulin therapy predicted long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Liu

Fang

et al. 2013

Endocr J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glucoregulatory Physiology in Subjects with Low-Normal, High-Normal, or Impaired Fasting Glucose

Abstract: Compared with persons with low-NFG, those with IFG or combined IFG-IGT have significant alteration of glucoregulatory physiology, whereas high-NFG (pre-prediabetes) status might portend nascent glucoregulatory perturbations.

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism

High normal fasting glucose level in obese youth: a marker for insulin resistance and beta cell dysregulation

Fasting plasma glucose after intensive insulin therapy predicted long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About