Glucose and Fructose Absorption in the Unanesthetized Dog

Shoemaker, William C.; Yanof, Howard M.; Turk, L. Newton; Wilson, Tony

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(63)80039-6

Cited by 62 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Both d ‐ and l ‐lactate are formed by microbial breakdown in the gastrointestinal tract (rumen and abomasum) of milk‐fed calves (G iesecke and S tangassinger 1980). Much of the ingested glucose is metabolized to l ‐lactate in the gut (N ewgard et al 1983) and an increase of l ‐lactate in portal vein plasma can be measured after intragastric glucose loads in dogs and rats (S hoemaker et al 1963; N iewohner et al 1984; K imura et al 1988) and after feed intake in rats (L anghans 1991). In humans peripheral venous lactate concentrations increase after carbohydrate meals (S urina et al 1993; F elig et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial hydrogen breath excretion, plasma lactate concentration, glucose metabolism and insulin levels in veal calves

Hugi

Bracher

Tappy

et al. 1997

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Summary Veal calves intensively fed with milk replacers towards the end of fattening often develop hyper‐glycaemia, glucosuria, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance. Experiments were designed to study hydrogen exhalation, plasma lactate concentrations, glucose metabolism, insulin concentrations and gas exchange for 5 h after milk replacer intake in veal calves at the age of 3.5 months with a mean weight of 151 kg. [6,62D]‐glucose was intravenously infused from 2 h before to 5 h after feeding to study glucose metabolism. Hydrogen exhalation started to increase (p < 0.05) after 120 min, while plasma lactate, glucose and insulin increased (p < 0.01) within 15‐30 min and reached peak levels at 180, 90 and 90 min, respectively, after intake of milk replacer, whereas the respiratory exchange ratio was not significantly altered. [6,62D]‐glucose atom excess decreased (p < 0.05) within 60 min after the meal to a new steady state. Based on H2 exhalation data a marked microbial breakdown of ingested nutrients (and probably especially of lactose) started more than 2 h after the meal. The postprandial rise of plasma L‐lactate was probably the result of enhanced metabolization of absorbed glucose. The decrease of [6,62D]‐glucose atom excess data within the first 60 min after the meal demonstrate that enhanced (and probably insulin‐mediated) glucose utilization was maintained throughout the 5‐h study, but was not further increased 1 h after the meal. Because the respiratory exchange ratio was not significantly altered, glucose oxidation did not seem to make a major contribution to glucose utilization. Zusammenfassung Postprandiale Wasserstoffexhalation, Plasmalaktatkonzentration, Glukosestoffwechsel und Plasma‐insulinkonzentration bei Milchmastkälbern Mit Milchersatz gefütterte Mastkälber entwickeln gegen Ende der Mast oft eine Hyperglykämie, Glukosurie, Hyperinsulinämie und Insulinresistenz. Wir haben die Wasserstoffexhalation, Plasmalaktatkonzentration, den Glukosestoffwechsel, die Plasmainsulinkonzentration sowie Gasmessungen während 5 h nach Aufnahme von Milchersatz bei 3.5 Mt alten und 151 kg schweren Mastkälbern untersucht. [6,62D]‐Glukose wurde 2 h vor bis 5 h nach der Fütterung i.v. infundiert um den Glukosestoffwechsel zu untersuchen. Die Wasserstoffexhalation stieg nach 120 Min an (p < 0.05), während die Plasmakonzentrationen von Laktat, Glukose und Insulin nach 15–30 Min anstiegen (p < 0.01) und maximale Werte nach 180, 90 bzw. 90 Min erreichten. Der respiratorische Quotient veränderte sich nicht signifikant. Der [6,62D]‐Glukose‐Atom%‐überschuß sank innerhalb von 60 Min nach der Futteraufnahme und erreichte darauf ein neues Gleichgewicht. Die Daten der Wasserstoffexhalation deuten darauf hin, daß ein deutlicher mikrobieller Abbau der aufgenommenen Nahrung (und vermutlich v.a. von Laktose) erst 2 h nach Aufnahme der Mahlzeit stattfand. Der postprandiale Anstieg von L‐Laktat war möglicherweise das Resultat der Metabolisierung von absorbierter Glukose. Die Abnahme des [6,62D]‐Glukose‐Atom%‐überschusses innerhalb der...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postprandial hydrogen breath excretion, plasma lactate concentration, glucose metabolism and insulin levels in veal calves

Hugi

Bracher

Tappy

et al. 1997

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…The splanchnic, hepatic, and extrahepatic splanchnic balances were estimated from the product of the arteriovenous concentration difference and the appropriate organ blood flow as previously described (4). Plasma flow and the arteriovenous difference of plasma glucose were used in the calculation of organ glucose balance (11), and blood flow and the arteriovenous difference in whole-blood concentration was used for the estimation of organ amino acid balances (7). The net hepatic extraction ratio for each amino acid was calculated as…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splanchnic Amino Acid and Glucose Metabolism During Amino Acid Infusion in Dogs

et al. 1988

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With the organ-balance technique, we studied amino acid and glucose metabolism by hepatic and extrahepatic splanchnic tissues in awake dogs in the postabsorptive state and during a 3-h intravenous amino acid infusion. Dogs received a high (1.4 g/kg body wt, n = 5) or low (0.7 g/kg body wt, n = 8) dose of amino acids. In four of the latter dogs, the dose was delivered into a mesenteric vein. During the basal period there was a net removal of gluconeogenic amino acids (particularly alanine), but not branched-chain amino acids, and a net production of glucose by the liver in all dogs. During this time there was a net removal of glucose and production of alanine by the extrahepatic splanchnic tissues. During either high- or low-dose amino acid infusion, net hepatic glucose release increased; despite this, arterial plasma glucose declined due to an increase in tissue glucose uptake at extrasplanchnic sites. The net amount of glucogenic amino acids removed by the liver during high-dose (9.1 +/- 1.0 mmol.kg-1.3 h-1) and low-dose (4.8 +/- 0.6 mmol.kg-1.3 h-1) infusion equaled or exceeded the infused load of these amino acids. In addition, the liver contributed to the net disposal of branched-chain amino acids during high-dose (536 +/- 147 mumol.kg-1.3 h-1) and low-dose (341 +/- 70 mumol.kg-1.3 h-1) infusion. During high-dose infusion, extrahepatic splanchnic tissues participated in the net removal of branched-chain amino acids (436 +/- 162 mumol.kg-1.3 h-1) but not glucogenic amino acids, and net alanine production continued (410 +/- 91 mumol.kg-1.3 h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…Blood flow measured by Doppler ultrasound in the superior mesenteric artery of human subjects increases from about 250 to 400 cm 3 min −1 after a light meal and to more than 700 cm 3 min −1 after a large meal (Sidery & MacDonald, 1994). In unanaesthetised dogs Shoemaker et al . (1963) found that ingestion of 50 g glucose increased portal blood flow by about 250–350 cm 3 min −1 at a time when the glucose absorption rate was 1.8 mmol min −1 .…”

Section: Part Ii: Numbers For Application Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of glucose in arterial blood ( C art ) is normally 5 m m but can rise to 15 m m during absorption of large glucose loads as found in glucose tolerance tests in humans or in dogs loaded with 50 g glucose (Shoemaker et al . 1963).…”

Section: Part Ii: Numbers For Application Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of villus microcirculation in intestinal absorption of glucose: coupling of epithelial with endothelial transport

Pappenheimer

Michel

2003

The Journal of Physiology

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Capillaries in jejunal villi can absorb nutrients at rates several hundred times greater (per gram tissue) than capillaries in other tissues, including contracting skeletal muscle and brain. We here present an integrative hypothesis to account for these exceptionally large trans-endothelial fluxes and their relation to epithelial transport. Equations are developed for estimating concentration gradients of glucose across villus capillary walls, along paracellular channels and across subjunctional lateral membranes of absorptive cells. High concentrations of glucose discharged across lateral membranes to subjunctional intercellular spaces are delivered to abluminal surfaces of villus capillaries by convection-diffusion in intercellular channels without significant loss of concentration. Postjunctional paracellular transport thus provides the series link between epithelial and endothelial transport and makes possible the large trans-endothelial concentration gradients required for absorption to blood. Our analysis demonstrates that increases of villus capillary blood flow and permeability-surface area product (PS) are essential components of absorptive mechanisms: epithelial transport of normal digestive loads could not be sustained without concomitant increases in capillary blood flow and PS. The low rates of intestinal absorption found in anaesthetised animals may be attributed to inhibition of normal villus microvascular responses to epithelial transport.

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Glucose and Fructose Absorption in the Unanesthetized Dog

Cited by 62 publications

References 16 publications

Postprandial hydrogen breath excretion, plasma lactate concentration, glucose metabolism and insulin levels in veal calves

Postprandial hydrogen breath excretion, plasma lactate concentration, glucose metabolism and insulin levels in veal calves

Splanchnic Amino Acid and Glucose Metabolism During Amino Acid Infusion in Dogs

Role of villus microcirculation in intestinal absorption of glucose: coupling of epithelial with endothelial transport

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