Glucose and lactose effect on AD and ADD bioconversion by Mycobacterium sp.

Llanes, Nury; Hung, Blanca Rosa; Falero, Alina; Pérez, Celso; Aguila, Belinda

doi:10.1007/bf00128393

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, a singlestep microbial transformation process has been reported for the production of TS from sterols using several Mycobacterium sp. mutants (Wang et al, 1982;Hung et al, 1994;Liu et al, 1994;Llanes et al, 1995;Liu and Lo, 1997;Borrego et al, 2000;Lo et al, 2002;Mei et al, 2005;Egorova et al, 2009). During the course of this work, Dlugovitzky et al (2015) have shown that Mycobacterium smegmatis PTCC 1307 was able to produce TS and other estrogens from tritiated precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This result suggest that the intracellular NAD(P) + /NAD(P)H ratio could be different in the presence of glucose or glycerol being critical for the process. In this sense, the effect of a carbon source supplementation and also the pH have been already demonstrated to be determinant in the reaction equilibrium for the TS production (Liu et al, 1994;Llanes et al, 1995;Liu and Lo, 1997;Egorova et al, 2009).…”

Section: Production Of Ts From Ad By Resting-cell Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Engineering Mycobacterium smegmatis for testosterone production

Fernández-Cabezón

Galán

2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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SummaryA new biotechnological process for the production of testosterone (TS) has been developed to turn the model strain Mycobacterium smegmatis suitable for TS production to compete with the current chemical synthesis procedures. We have cloned and overexpressed two genes encoding microbial 17β‐hydroxysteroid: NADP 17‐oxidoreductase, from the bacterium Comamonas testosteroni and from the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. The host strains were M. smegmatis wild type and a genetic engineered androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (AD) producing mutant. The performances of the four recombinant bacterial strains have been tested both in growing and resting‐cell conditions using natural sterols and AD as substrates respectively. These strains were able to produce TS from sterols or AD with high yields. This work represents a proof of concept of the possibilities that offers this model bacterium for the production of pharmaceutical steroids using metabolic engineering approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Production Of Ts From Ad By Resting-cell Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Engineering Mycobacterium smegmatis for testosterone production

Fernández-Cabezón

Galán

2016

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…NRRL B-3683 and isolation of a new mutant for sterol biotransformation were reported by research groups from Cuba [87][88]. They also studied the effect of glucose and lactose on the steroid biotransformation by the same strain [89]. Mycobacterium smegmatis PTCC 1307 (CIP 73.26) was used as a microbial agent to produce androsta-1,4-diene-3,17dione (ADD) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, two useful precursors in the synthesis of steroid drugs.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial selective side chain cleavage of the sterols (βsitosterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol) is the only biological method available for the production of ADD and AD [87]. AD and ADD, belonging to the family of 17 ketosteroids, have served as potential substrates for the production of sex hormones, anticoncipients, and antiphlogistics as well as blood pressure regulating agents [88][89][90][91]. AD has been the starting material for the preparation of androgens and anabolic drugs and more recently for the production of spironolactone [91][92].…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To meet this increasing demand, more than 60% of the raw materials for the steroid drugs are produced by the selective microbial side chain cleavage of sterols [93], which are abundantly present in the form of phytosterols (a plant origin) and cholesterol (an animal origin). Production of AD and ADD as the side chain cleavage product of sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, cholesterol, ergosterol, and campesterol) has been reported from various bacteria and fungi genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, Nocardia, Clostridium, Micrococcus, Brevibacterium, Streptomyces, Serratia, Protoaminobacter and Fusarium [89,94].The conversion of cholesterol to AD and ADD from soil isolates, Rhodococcus sp. [94] and Micrococcus roseus RJ6 [95] has highlighted the preferential use of cholesterol as a substrate.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Cholesterolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol oxidase: Role in biotransformation of cholesterol

2015

J App Biol Biotech

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Cholesterol oxidase (COX, E.C.1.1.3.6) catalyses the oxidation of cholesterol to 4 -cholestene-3-one with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxides. COXs are secreted bacterial enzymes that catalyze the first step in the degradation of cholesterol. Some bacteria, such as Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus and Nocardia sp. produce an intracellular form of the enzyme that is membrane bound, while the enzyme from Arthrobacter, Schizopyllum, Streptoverticillium, Brevibacterium and Streptomyces is found in the extracellular fraction. These organisms play important roles in biotransformation and bioconversion of organic compounds. Bioconversion reactions are the subject of increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry because of the demand for enantiomerically pure compounds. Bioconversion processes that involve enzymatic or microbial biocatalysts, when compared to their chemical counterparts, offer the advantages of high selectivity and mild operating conditions. Bioconversions may involve isolated and purified enzymes directly in free or immobilized form in order to enhance process stability. Medium engineering attempts to enhance the solubility of substrate and remove(s) the inhibition of product simultaneously by adding an inherently biocompatible and non-biodegradable ingredient to bioconversion medium. The extremely poor solubility of cholesterol as a substrate or steroids in aqueous media lowers the transformation rate and increase costs. The methods of enhancing steroid solubility in bioconversion media include substrate derivatization or micronization, ultrasonication or the use of detergents, water miscible co-solvents, cyclodextrins, polymers and liposomal aqueous biphasic media. Steroids like cholesterol are completely soluble in some organic solvents like benzene, toluene and butanol. Biphasic systems where in the microbial cells are present in the aqueous phase and steroids dissolved in the organic phase is considered an ideal system. In the present review article we try to discuss on the solvent tolerant properties and biotransformation capability of cholesterol oxidase producing different organisms of different species and their applications in different fields.

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Biocatalysis of Steroids by Mycobacterium sp. in Aqueous and Organic Media

de Carvalho,

Fernandes

2023

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Glucose and lactose effect on AD and ADD bioconversion by Mycobacterium sp.

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Engineering Mycobacterium smegmatis for testosterone production

Engineering Mycobacterium smegmatis for testosterone production

Cholesterol oxidase: Role in biotransformation of cholesterol

Biocatalysis of Steroids by Mycobacterium sp. in Aqueous and Organic Media

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