Glucose and oxygen in the early intrauterine environment and their role in developmental abnormalities

Hufnagel, Antonia; Grant, Imogen; Aiken, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.041

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 153 publications

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“…In addition, it is important to note that, while gestational diabetes is a well-known risk factor for preeclampsia, with potentially shared pathways such as insulin resistance and obesity, 49,50 preeclampsia is a clinical syndrome thought to be related to early placental vascular abnormalities due to endothelial and immunologic dysfunction. 51,52 There is some evidence from animal studies that hyperglycemic intrauterine environments are associated with increased reactive oxygen species, 53 which also play a role in preeclampsia pathophysiology. 54 However, gestational diabetes and preeclampsia may have separate and/or joint effects on the risk of preterm birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth

Liang,

Panelli,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Epidemiology

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Background: Gestational diabetes is associated with adverse outcomes such as preterm birth (<37 weeks). However, there is no international consensus on screening criteria or diagnostic levels for gestational diabetes, and it is unknown whether body mass index (BMI) or obesity modifies the relation between glucose level and preterm birth. Methods: We studied a pregnancy cohort restricted to two Danish regions from the linked Danish Medical Birth Register to study associations between glucose measurements from the 2-hour post-load 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (one-step approach) and preterm birth from 2004-2018. In Denmark, gestational diabetes screening is a targeted strategy for mothers with identified risk factors. We used Poisson regression to estimate rate ratios (RR) of preterm birth with z-standardized glucose measurements. We assessed effect measure modification by stratifying analyses and testing for heterogeneity. Results: Among 11,337 pregnancies (6.2% delivered preterm), we observed an adjusted preterm birth RR of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3) for a 1 standard deviation glucose increase of 1.4 mmol/L from the mean 6.7 mmol/L. There was evidence for effect measure modification by obesity, e.g., adjusted RR for non-obese (BMI <30): 1.2 (95%CI: 1.1-1.3) vs. obese (BMI ≥30): 1.3 (95%CI: 1.2-1.5), P=0.05 for heterogeneity. Conclusions: Among mothers screened for gestational diabetes, increased glucose levels, even those below the diagnostic level for gestational diabetes in Denmark, were associated with increased preterm birth risk. Obesity (BMI ≥30) may be an effect measure modifier, not just a confounder, of the relation between blood glucose and preterm birth risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth

Liang,

Panelli,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Epidemiology

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Maternal–fetal mechanisms underlying adaptation to hypoxia during early pregnancy

Bagchi,

Bagchi

2024

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Genome-wide methylation profile of mitochondrial DNA across bovine preimplantation development

de Lima,

Martin,

Pecora Milazzotto

et al. 2023

Epigenetics

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This study characterized variations in the methylation profile of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during initial bovine embryo development and correlated the presence of methylation with mtDNA transcription. Bovine oocytes were obtained from abattoir ovaries and submitted to in vitro culture procedures. Oocytes and embryos were collected at various stages (immature oocyte, IM; mature oocyte, MII; zygote, ZY; 4-cells, 4C; 16-cells, 16C and blastocysts, BL). Total DNA (including mtDNA) was used for Whole Genome Enzymatic Methyl Sequencing and for quantification of mtDNA copy number. Extracted RNA was used for quantification of mitochondrial transcripts using Droplet Digital PCR. We selected ND6, CYTB, tRNA-Phe and tRNA-Gln based on their location in the mitochondrial genome, functionality and/or previous literature associating these regions with cytosine methylation. The number of mtDNA copies per oocyte/embryo was found to be similar, while methylation levels in mtDNA varied among stages. Higher total methylation levels were found mainly at 4C and 16C. In specific gene regions, higher methylation levels were also observed at 4C and 16C (ND6, CYTB and tRNA-Phe), as well as an inverse correlation with the quantity of transcripts for these regions. This is a first description of epigenetic changes occurring in mtDNA during early embryonic development. Our results indicate that methylation might regulate the mtDNA transcription at a local level, particularly around the time of embryonic genome activation.

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Glucose and oxygen in the early intrauterine environment and their role in developmental abnormalities

Cited by 4 publications

References 153 publications

Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth

Outcome of Pregnancy Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Preterm Birth

Maternal–fetal mechanisms underlying adaptation to hypoxia during early pregnancy

Genome-wide methylation profile of mitochondrial DNA across bovine preimplantation development

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