Glucose levels in the normal range predict incident diabetes in families with premature coronary heart disease

Reduced NO synthesis and eNOS mRNA expression in endothelial cells from newborns with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes

“…A strong family history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular function in healthy offspring and adult individuals 1, 2, probably secondary to a lower availability of nitric oxide (NO). Glycaemic loads, even in the physiological range and reduced bioavailability of NO that can contribute to endothelial dysfunction, have been observed in healthy individuals with a strong family history of DM2, and in aortic tissue isolated from an animal model of DM2 3–5. A reduction in plasma cyclic‐GMP concentration, which is the signalling pathway to initiate NO synthesis, has been shown in the plasma of individuals with a family history of DM2 6.…”

Cardiovascular disease among women with and without diabetes mellitus and bilateral oophorectomy

“…The most common explanation for anovulation with ovarian cysts is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and it is possible that hysterectomy with BSO was performed more often for PCOS women in some studies. This diagnosis could explain the more frequent family history of MI in women who had BSO before age 45 years in the current study since PCOS patients are insulin resistant, and their family members are more often insulin resistant and prone to MI [30][31][32]. In a previous study also using the NHANES database [33], women who were obese at the time of the interview, a common finding in PCOS women, and who had BSO before age 40 years, were more than twice as likely to die, particularly of CVD, than non-obese women with intact ovaries.…”