Glucose-regulated protein 78 in the aqueous humor in diabetic macular edema patients

Kwon, Jin Woo; Jung, In Cheul; Jee, Donghyun

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000012757

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Several studies have sought biomarkers that predict treatment responsiveness and prognosis [34,35]. Previously, we had reported that the aqueous GRP78 levels had a correlation with VEGF levels in the aqueous humor, but the report had limitation; it could not analyze the association between aqueous GRP78 levels and inflammation [17]. In this study, aqueous GRP78 levels showed no significant correlations with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the aqueous humor.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…Additionally, the early pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema (DME) usually involves damage to the inner blood-retinal barrier caused by hypoxia and inflammation [16]. However, few studies have explored the relationship between DME and ER stress [17]. Thus, we designed this study to identify the factors that affect their relationship by exploring GRP78 levels in the aqueous humor of DME patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Choi

Kwon

2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Purpose. We identified the associations between levels of aqueous glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and systemic or ocular factors in patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME). Methods. We measured the aqueous concentrations of GRP78, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17, placental growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We explored the associations between aqueous GRP78 levels and those of other aqueous factors, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and systemic parameters in CIDME patients. Results. In multivariate regression analysis, aqueous GRP78 levels were associated with aqueous VEGF levels (p=0.007), length of EZ disruption (p<0.001), and duration of diabetes (p=0.002). However, no significant relationship was observed between GRP78 levels and those of other systemic and ocular factors including inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor. In terms of responsiveness, the number of hyperreflective foci (≥8) was significantly associated with the responsiveness of three consecutive monthly intravitreal bevacizumab injections (OR=0.34, p=0.046), but not the aqueous GRP78 levels. Conclusions. Aqueous GRP78 levels correlated with VEGF levels in the aqueous humor and EZ disruption on OCT. However, GRP78 levels were not associated with those of inflammatory biomarkers in the aqueous humor or OCT findings. Additionally, GRP78 could not serve as a biomarker to predict short-term prognosis of anti-VEGF agent.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Choi

Kwon

2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“… 104 , 105 , 107 GRP78 has long been believed to be a molecular chaperone having a place with the HSP70 family that directs the unfolded protein reaction (UPR) to control ER stress and assumes a critical part in protein collapsing and quality control, just as misformed protein degradation. 108 , 109 …”

Section: Molecular Mechanism: the Panoramic Story Of Covid-19 Associa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis: A new threat to Coronavirus disease 2019 with special emphasis on India

Ghosh¹,

Dey²,

Chakraborty³

et al. 2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…The ER stress‐induced secretion of GRP78 has been suggested to play extracellular functions in the heart including augmentation of cardiac cell viability, immune‐stimulatory cell signaling, and extracellular proteostasis 83 . Furthermore, secreted GRP78 is also elevated in the aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema, as a result from diabetic retinopathy under ER stress conditions, 84 and its circulating level has been used as a prognostic marker directly correlated to immune cell death and ER stress during sepsis 85 …”

Section: Secreted Grp78mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an important cell surface receptor for viral invasion, cancers, and neurological disorders

et al. 2021

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The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone. GRP78 is a member of the 70 kDa heat shock family of proteins involved in correcting and clearing misfolded proteins in the ER. In response to cellular stress, GRP78 escapes from the ER and moves to the plasma membrane where it (a) functions as a receptor for many ligands, and (b) behaves as an autoantigen for autoantibodies that contribute to human disease and cancer. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) associates with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and is the port of entry for several viruses, including the predictive binding of the novel SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, csGRP78 is found in association with partners as diverse as the teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 (Cripto), the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and the DnaJ-like protein MTJ-1. CsGRP78 also serves as a receptor for a large variety of ligands including activated α 2 -macroglobulin (α 2 M*), plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), microplasminogen, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), tissue factor (TF), and the prostate apoptosis response-4 protein (Par-4). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the translo-

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Glucose-regulated protein 78 in the aqueous humor in diabetic macular edema patients

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema

Mucormycosis: A new threat to Coronavirus disease 2019 with special emphasis on India

Glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) is an important cell surface receptor for viral invasion, cancers, and neurological disorders

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