Glucose tolerance and resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in men aged 70 years in relation to size at birth

McKeigue, PM; Lithell, Hans; Leon, David A.

doi:10.1007/s001250051042

Cited by 161 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast, most human evidence points to the importance of insulin resistance. People who were thin at birth or had low birthweights were shown to be more insulin resistant than adults [24,25]. The raised insulin concentrations that we found in famine-exposed individuals (Table 2) are consistent with insulin resistance acting as a mediator of the effect of famine exposure on glucose tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis: People who were small at birth have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. People who were in utero during the Dutch famine had decreased glucose tolerance and raised insulin concentrations at age 50. We aimed to evaluate whether prenatal famine exposure leads to more rapid progression of impaired glucose/insulin homeostasis with increasing age. Methods: We performed an OGTT in 702 men and women at age 50 and in 699 men and women at age 58, all born as term singletons immediately before, during or after the 1944-1945 Dutch famine. Results: People who had been exposed to famine in utero had significantly higher 120-min glucose concentrations at age 58 compared with people who had not been exposed to famine (difference=0.4 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.7, adjusted for sex and BMI). Glucose tolerance deteriorated between the age of 50 and 58. The unadjusted 120-min glucose concentrations rose by 0.2 mmol/l (95% CI 0.0 to 0.4), while 120-min insulin concentrations had increased by 64 pmol/l (95% CI 48 to 82). There were no differences in the rates of glucose and insulin level increase between the famine-exposed group and the unexposed group (p=0.28 for the difference in increase in glucose concentrations and p=0.09 for insulin concentrations). Conclusions/interpretation: Although we confirmed that undernutrition during gestation is linked to decreased glucose tolerance, the effect does not seem to become more pronounced at age 58 as compared with age 50.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine

et al. 2006

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“…Amplification of the low birthweight effect on cardiovascular risk factors by greater weight gain in childhood and adult obesity is well recognised [4,12,14,15,[17][18][19]. In this study, waist circumference, as a marker for abdominal fat distribution and fat mass, as a marker of general fat distribution, had similar associations with the cardiovascular risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Furthermore, an association between low birthweight and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) and fasting blood glucose concentrations, but not measures of insulin sensitivity or secretion, has been reported in 20-year-old adults [11]. These observations, made in the absence of centralisation of body fat stores or frank obesity in the low-birthweight group, are of interest, as recently consideration has been given to the potential interaction between low birthweight and subsequent growth or the presence of obesity in the development of these adultonset chronic diseases [4,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. A number of studies have reported that features of the chronic disease phenotype have been accentuated or amplified in the presence of postnatal or childhood skeletal catch-up growth [17,19,22,24], although this has not been a universal finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult BMI and fat distribution but not height amplify the effect of low birthweight on insulin resistance and increased blood pressure in 20-year-old South Africans

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: We examined whether associations between low birthweight and adult chronic cardiometabolic disease were dependent upon birthweight alone, or on interactions with BMI, fat accumulation either generally or abdominally, or attained height in young South African adults. Methods: Blood pressure (BP), lipids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and secretion (homeostasis model) were measured in 20-year-olds (n=132) born at full term and with birthweights on or below the tenth centile (underweight for gestational age [UFA]) or between the 25th and 75th centiles for gestational age (appropriate weight for gestational age, [AFA]). Sex-specific median measurements of BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat and height defined current anthropometric status, providing four groups for each measure: UFA-low or UFAhigh and AFA-low or AFA-high. Results: The UFA-high BMI group was more insulin-resistant than both low BMI groups (p<0.04), but not the AFA-high BMI group. In contrast, plasma triglycerides and systolic BP were higher in the UFA-high than in all other groups (all p<0.04). When characterised by body fatness, both high percentage (%) body fat groups had higher fasting [insulin] than low percentage (%) body fat groups (p<0.03), and higher [total cholesterol] and [LDL cholesterol] than the UFA-low percentage (%) body fat group (p<0.05). The UFA-high group had higher systolic and diastolic BP than all other groups (all at least p<0.03). A similar pattern was observed when groups were characterised by waist circumference; however, current height status had no effect. Conclusions/ interpretation: These data indicate that the "fetal origins" expression of the chronic disease phenotype is not dependent on birthweight alone, but on its interaction with subsequent fat accumulation, though not on attained height, in this cohort of young adults.

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“…3,29 We previously showed, in the same study groups, that subjects born with IUGR demonstrate insulin-resistance in comparison to controls. 5 Several recent studies have emphasized the role of leptin on insulin-sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Relatively low serum leptin levels in adults born with intra-uterine growth retardation

et al. 2001

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BACKGROUND: In-utero under-nutrition dramatically alters the development of adipose tissue, during the fetal and the neonatal period. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate whether adults born with intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) show evidence of impaired adipose tissue development and leptin regulation. DESIGN: Serum leptin concentrations were measured in 26 healthy adults born with IUGR and 25 controls aged 24 y who have been studied previously, 3 y ago. RESULTS:The IUGR group demonstrated a signi®cant increase of body mass index (BMI) in comparison to controls between 21 and 24 y of age (4.8 AE 7.7%, P 0.004 vs 0.8 AE 6.7%, P 0.70). Percentage of total body fat mass was signi®cantly higher in IUGR-born subjects than in controls (27.2 AE 7.6 vs 22.0 AE 7.3%, P 0.02). Fasting insulin was signi®cantly higher in the IUGR group (7.5 AE 3.8 vs 5.3 AE 2.3 mUaml, P 0.03). Surprisingly, crude serum leptin concentrations did not signi®cantly differ between the two groups. Moreover, adjusted means of serum leptin levels were signi®cantly lower in IUGR-born subjects than in controls when corrected for body fat mass, gender and fasting insulin (11.3 vs 13.8 ngaml, P 0.02). SUMMARY: Adults born with IUGR developed an excess of adipose tissue associated with relatively low serum leptin levels suggestive of an altered adipocyte function. Considering the close relationship between adipose tissue and insulin-sensitivity, these observations point to the potential implication of abnormal adipose tissue development in the long-term metabolic consequences associated with in-utero undernutrition.

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Glucose tolerance and resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in men aged 70 years in relation to size at birth

Cited by 161 publications

References 15 publications

Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine

Glucose tolerance at age 58 and the decline of glucose tolerance in comparison with age 50 in people prenatally exposed to the Dutch famine

Adult BMI and fat distribution but not height amplify the effect of low birthweight on insulin resistance and increased blood pressure in 20-year-old South Africans

Relatively low serum leptin levels in adults born with intra-uterine growth retardation

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