Glucose tolerance and serum concentrations of hormones and metabolites in goats (Capra hircus) fed diets supplemented with inorganic and organic chromium salts

Abstract

Adult goats (no. ¼ 18) were supplemented with chromium (Cr, 0.5 mg/kg concentrate) for 120 days as Cr chloride and Cr yeast complex and their responses in terms of glucose tolerance and serum profiles of metabolites and hormones were measured. The goats were fed 200 g/day of the concentrate and reared under a semi-intensive regimen. Cr supplementation significantly reduced serum glucose ( P ¼ 0.049) and cholesterol ( P ¼ 0.0001) levels compared with the same in the control group (calculated as % change between days 0 and 120). Serum cortisol on day 120 was lower in goats fed Cr chloride than in the control group ( P , 0.05). Overall, the mean cortisol level was lower ( P ¼ 0.001) in the goats receiving added dietary Cr. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on the goats on day 75. The clearance rate (k) of glucose between 5 and 60 min of glucose infusion was significantly higher ( P ¼ 0.004) in the goats supplemented with Cr yeast compared with those on the control or the Cr chloride supplemented diets. The kinetic parameters as well as the k and T 1/2 responses for serum insulin during the IVGTT were not affected. The ratio between the insulin k to glucose k increased ( P ¼ 0.011) in the goats fed added dietary Cr as Cr chloride compared with the control and the Cr yeast groups. Post-prandial serum levels of glucose (diet effect P ¼ 0.038) and cholesterol (diet effect P ¼ 0.033) was lower in both the Cr supplemented groups than the control. Serum glucose during an epinephrine challenge test tended to remain elevated ( P ¼ 0.076) 2 h after epinephrine infusion in the Cr yeast group indicating a delayed return of serum glucose to the basal level. However, serum insulin and cortisol remained unaffected. Several changes in selected blood metabolites and hormone measurements were observed when Cr was added as a dietary supplement in the diet of the goats. Contrary to the generally accepted view, supplemental Cr may influence the metabolism of ruminants even in a nonstressed management regime.

Effects of dietary chromium-yeast level on growth performance, blood metabolites, meat traits and muscle fatty acids profile, and microminerals content in liver and bone of lambs

“…While, some studies found no effect (Arvizu et al 2011;Moreno-Camarena et al 2015), others found positive effects on average daily BW gain (Dom ınguez-Vara et al 2009; Estrada-Angulo et al 2013). The reduction of glucose and triglycerides found in our study coincides with previous studies (Kitchalong et al 1995;Yan et al 2008) in lambs and goats, suggesting that Cr can improve glucose tolerance by increasing insulin sensitivity (Haldar et al 2007) and hepatic triglycerides transport capacity and promote triglyceride catabolism by increasing lipoprotein lipase activity in plasma (Yan et al 2008), with effects on lipolytic activity in adipose tissue and protein synthesis (Page et al 1993;Min et al 1997). In the present study, Cr-yeast reduced perirenal fat deposition, intramuscular fat content, and saturated FA in sheep meat fat.…”

“…Growth hormone (GH) and insulin growth factor (IGF) are involved in the metabolism of Cr (Mowat 1997); however in ruminants, Cr has little impact on growth (Kegley et al 1997;Haldar et al 2007), despite it improves the capacity response of the immune system (Haldar et al 2009); in poultry and pigs, Cr supplementation has better positive effects on metabolic response, distribution of nutrients and carcase characteristics, maybe due to an increased sensitivity to insulin and efficiency in the use of glucose (Brockman and Laarveld 1986). The magnitude of these effects depends on the chemical form, concentration and dietary contribution of Cr (Galip 2006;Yan et al 2008;Dom ınguez-Vara et al 2009;Arvizu et al 2011).…”

Impact of Organic Chromium and Zinc on Growth Performance, Feed Intake, Hematological Profiles and Biochemical Indices of Growing Zaraibi Male Goats

“…Zn supplementation is responsible for the reaction of increased serum glucose levels in goats fed Zn alone or Zn + Cr-supplemented diets, which is connected to the statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in CF and NFE digestibility. Chromium can increase insulin sensitivity, as seen by the low blood glucose level in the current study (Table 4), This result could be explained by the fact that Zn is necessary for protein metabolism, digestion, glycolysis, DNA synthesis, and nucleic acid production, which is in accordance with Haldar et al's (2007) theory that it can enhance glucose tolerance. A spike in serum glucose levels could signify that the small intestine is now handling carbohydrate digestion instead of the rumen (McDonald et al, 1995).…”

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on glucose tolerance and primary antibody response against peste des petits ruminants in dwarf Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

“…In contrast, a slower k with a longer T 1/2 in the 1Cr dietary group in this experiment may be confused with the state of glucose intolerance although the high peak of serum glucose, which is typical of glucose intolerance, was lacking. Moreover, the basal glucose and insulin concentrations in the 1Cr dietary group were higher than those in the control group of goats, ruling out the possibility of glucose intolerance (Haldar et al, 2007). Consequently, lower D glucose and D insulin across the duration of the IVGTT were observed in the 1Cr dietary group.…”

“…However, some recent publications indicate that supplementation of CrCl 3 may also improve growth and productive performance in non-stressed goats (Paul et al, 2005;Haldar et al, 2006), dairy heifers (Biswas et al, 2006) and broiler chickens (Ahmed et al, 2005). Additionally, little difference in glucose tolerance was observed when goats were supplemented with CrCl 3 or Cr-yeast complex (Haldar et al, 2007). Insulin action was intensified in calves supplemented with Cr-nicotinic acid or CrCl 3 and the response was identical in both the treatment groups (Kegley et al, 1997).…”