Glucose transporter gene expression: Regulation of transcription and mRNA stability

McGowan, Kevin M.; Long, Sheree D.; Pekala, Phillip H.

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(95)00007-4

Cited by 134 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…GLUT1, a ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter, is a member of a multigene transporter family (33). In the 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, GLUT1 mRNA exhibits a half-life of 42 Ϯ 9 min and behaves much like an immediate-early mRNA (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Expression of Hel-N1, an RNA-Binding Protein, Increases Glucose Transporter (GLUT1) Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Jain

Andrews

McGowan

et al. 1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

188

174

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3T3-L1 preadipocytes ectopically expressing the mammalian RNA-binding protein Hel-N1 expressed up to 10-fold more glucose transporter (GLUT1) protein and exhibited elevated rates of basal glucose uptake. Hel-N1 is a member of the ELAV-like family of proteins associated with the induction and maintenance of differentiation in various species. ELAV proteins are known to bind in vitro to short stretches of uridylates in the 3 untranslated regions (3 UTRs) of unstable mRNAs encoding growth-regulatory proteins involved in transcription and signal transduction. GLUT1 mRNA also contains a large 3 UTR with a U-rich region that binds specifically to Hel-N1 in vitro. Analysis of the altered GLUT1 expression at the translational and posttranscriptional levels suggested a mechanism involving both mRNA stabilization and accelerated formation of translation initiation complexes. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the Hel-N1 family of proteins modulate gene expression at the level of mRNA in the cytoplasm.Interaction of RNA-binding proteins with cis elements in mRNAs is believed to be involved in regulation of their stability and translational efficiency (reviewed in reference 32). The regulated stability of transferrin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and histone mRNAs has been shown, at least in part, to be controlled by the binding of specific proteins to consensus sequences in the 3Ј untranslated region (3ЈUTR) of these messages (3, 37, 41). Studies of tobacco mosaic virus, the Drosophila melanogaster developmental gene hunchback, human cytokine, and 15-lipoxygenase mRNAs have demonstrated that the 3ЈUTR also contains information capable of regulating translational efficiency which may be mediated by RNA-binding proteins (13,25,35,36). A major class of RNA-binding proteins which possess an 80-amino-acid consensus element, termed the RNA recognition motif (RRM) (39), which forms the core of a functional RNAbinding domain has been identified.Hel-N1 (human embryonic lethal abnormal vision [ELAV]-like neuronal protein 1), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila ELAV, is an mRNA-binding protein of the RRM family (15,16,27). Recent studies on Hel-N1, and the alternative form, Hel-N2 (lacking a 13-amino-acid segment between RRM2 and RRM3), in human medulloblastoma cells and embryonic carcinoma P19 cells have indicated that it plays a role in mRNA metabolism (15). These proteins are bound to poly(A) ϩ mRNA in granular RNP structures, and their expression is upregulated during neuronal cell differentiation of P19 cells (15). Likewise, hNT2 cells when induced to differentiate by retinoic acid exhibited a marked increase in the expression of human ELAV-like proteins which colocalized with mRNPs associated with polysomes (1). Hence, data from both of these studies support an important role for mammalian ELAV-like proteins in the processes of cell growth and differentiation.Interestingly, members of the ELAV family have been shown to bind the AU-rich regions of the 3ЈUTRs in cytokine and proto-oncogene m...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectopic Expression of Hel-N1, an RNA-Binding Protein, Increases Glucose Transporter (GLUT1) Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Jain

Andrews

McGowan

et al. 1997

Molecular and Cellular Biology

188

174

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“…However, an appreciation of the contribution of mRNA stability to the regulation of gene expression is a rather more recent development. For instance, studies in cultured cells have demonstrated changes in GLUT1 mRNA half-life of 2-10 fold depending on the experimental models (for review, see [68]). Similarly, it has been demonstrated that chronic treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with arachidonic results in a 50% decrease in the transcription rate of the GLUT4 gene, as well as a reduction in half-life from 8.0 h to 4.6 h [91].…”

Section: Expression Of Glut Genes In Livestock Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3'-UTR is thought to make a major contribution to the message stability (for review, see [68]). For instance, a 10 nucleotide cis-acting element of the bovine GLUT1 3'-UTR was shown to increase the GLUT1 mRNA half life by 228% [17].…”

Section: Expression Of Glut Genes In Livestock Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Hocquette

Abé

2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-The study of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT) requires carefully done immunological experiments and sensitive molecular biology approaches to identify the various mechanisms which control GLUT expression at the RNA and protein levels. The cloning of species-specific GLUT cDNAs showed that GLUT4 and GLUT1 diverge less among species than other GLUT isoforms. The key role of GLUT in glucose homeostasis has been demonstrated in livestock species. In vitro studies have suggested specific roles of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in avian cells. In vivo studies have demonstrated a regulation of GLUTs (especially of GLUT4) by nutritional and hormonal factors in pigs and cattle, in lactating cows and goats and throughout the foetal life in the placenta and tissues of lambs and calves. All these results suggest that any changes in GLUT expression and activity (such as GLUT4 in muscles) could modify nutrient partitioning and tissue metabolism, and hence, the qualities of animal products (milk, meat).glucose transporter / pig / ruminant / poultry Résumé -Les transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée chez les animaux de ferme. L'étude des transporteurs du glucose à diffusion facilitée (GLUT) nécessite des techniques en immunologie ou en biologie moléculaire précises et sensibles pour étudier la régulation de leur expression au niveau ARNm ou protéique. Le clonage d'ADNc des différents GLUT a montré que GLUT4 et GLUT1 divergent moins entre espèces que les autres isoformes de GLUT. Le rôle important des GLUT dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie du glucose a été démontré chez les animaux de ferme. Des études in vitro ont suggéré un rôle spécifique de GLUT1 et de GLUT3 dans les cellules aviaires. Des études in vivo ont mis en évidence une régulation des GLUT (notamment GLUT4) par des facteurs nutritionnels ou hormonaux chez le porc et le bovin, chez la vache ou la chèvre en lactation, et tout au long de la vie foetale dans le placenta et les tissus de l'agneau ou du veau. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que tout changement dans l'expression et l'activité des GLUT (tel que de GLUT4 dans les muscles) peut modifier la répartition des nutriments et le métabolisme tissulaire, et affecter ainsi la qualité des produits animaux (lait, viande).transporteur du glucose / porc / ruminant / volaille Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 517-533 517

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“…Cellular glucose uptake is facilitated by a family of glucose transporters [30][31][32]. Hepatic nonparenchymal cells express only the GLUT1 glucose transporter, which is characteristic to cells dependent on the use of blood glucose [33].…”

Section: Dual Role Of Hms In the Cellular Oxidant Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxemia, pentose cycle, and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the hepatic sinusoid

Spolarics

1998

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

115

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During the innate immune response, excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from sequestered phagocytes and activated resident macrophages represents the predominant component of oxidative stress in the liver and other tissues. The consequence of oxidative stress is determined by the status and adaptive changes of antioxidant pathways. In this review, we present evidence that the synchronized response of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, the primary sites of phagocyte attachment, plays an important role in defense against phagocyte-derived ROS. An essential component of the metabolic adaptation of hepatic sinusoidal cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress is the stimulated expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of the pentose cycle (hexose monophosphate shunt, HMS). All major ROS-metabolic enzymes, i.e., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutases, NADPH oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase, directly or indirectly depend on NADPH, which is produced in the HMS in these cells. The functional significance of up-regulated HMS within a particular cell type depends on the accompanying adaptive changes in ROS-metabolizing enzymes. In LPS-activated Kupffer cells, the elevated expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 and G6PD mainly serves primed production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. In sinusoidal endothelial cells, the LPS-induced response pattern of glucose-and ROS-metabolizing enzymes results in elevated ROS detoxifying capacity. The described studies also suggest the existence of an intercellular oxidant balance between prooxidant Kupffer cells and antioxidant endothelial cells in the hepatic micro-environment. Maintenance of the intercellular oxidant/antioxidant balance between phagocytes and endothelial cells may represent an important mechanism protecting the hepatic parenchyma against exogenous oxidative stress during the inflammatory response. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 534-541; 1998.

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Glucose transporter gene expression: Regulation of transcription and mRNA stability

Cited by 134 publications

References 218 publications

Ectopic Expression of Hel-N1, an RNA-Binding Protein, Increases Glucose Transporter (GLUT1) Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Ectopic Expression of Hel-N1, an RNA-Binding Protein, Increases Glucose Transporter (GLUT1) Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Facilitative glucose transporters in livestock species

Endotoxemia, pentose cycle, and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the hepatic sinusoid

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