Glucosinolates in <i>Brassica</i> Vegetables: Characterization and Factors That Influence Distribution, Content, and Intake

Wu, Xianli; Huang, Hui; Childs, Holly; Wu, Yanbei; Yu, Liangli; Pehrsson, Pamela R.

doi:10.1146/annurev-food-070620-025744

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Since baby leaves represent a natural source of bioactive compounds, they could become an important source for the development of the fresh-cut market [5]. Ali et al [9] found different bioactive compounds in Brassicaceae (organosulfuric phytochemicals that have anticarcinogenic activity, and other phytochemicals, with high antioxidant power); the most important compounds are represented by glucosinolates that have several beneficial effects on human health [10]. Green leafy vegetables are excellent source of antioxidants, which act as radical scavengers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

et al. 2021

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Natural biostimulants obtained by plants are intensively used nowadays to improve crop yield and quality. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of leaf extract of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) (MLE) in modifying baby leaf characteristics of two genotypes of Brassica. The trial was started in October 2020 in a greenhouse; a cultivar of kale ‘Cavolo Laciniato Nero di Toscana’ (CL) and a Sicilian landrace of sprouting broccoli ‘Broccoli Nero’ (BN) were used. The plants, after 15, 30 and 40 days from sowing, were treated with MLE, while the control plants (C) with distilled water. Treatment with MLE modified morphological and nutritional value, but with different behavior in the two genotypes. In fact, in BN the treatment reduced the antioxidant activity (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) by 54%, while in CL the treatment increased this parameter by 40%. For the phenolic concentration and the sugar content the values recorded were significantly increased by MLE compared to control plants in CL, where in BN a significant reduction was registered. The CL plants treated with MLE showed a significant reduction (−70%) in nitrate content compared to the control plants; a negative effect was, instead, observed in BN, where the plants treated with moringa showed an increase of 60%. Results of this study showed how the foliar application of MLE was effective in improving various nutraceutical parameters, in particular in kale, because it appears to be a species-specific response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

et al. 2021

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“…Glucosinolates are a class of steroid glycosides synthesized from glucose and amino acids. These compounds widely occur as secondary metabolites in cruciferous species, especially Arabidopsis and a large number of economically valuable vegetables [ 5 – 7 ]. Based on the amino acids from which the compounds are derived, GS can be categorized into aliphatic GS, indolic GS, and aromatic GS [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptomic analyses of glucosinolate metabolic genes during the formation of Chinese kale seeds

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background To understand the mechanism of glucosinolates (GSs) accumulation in the specific organs, combined analysis of physiological change and transcriptome sequencing were applied in the current study. Taking Chinese kale as material, seeds and silique walls were divided into different stages based on the development of the embryo in seeds and then subjected to GS analysis and transcriptome sequencing. Results The main GS in seeds of Chinese kale were glucoiberin and gluconapin and their content changed with the development of the seed. During the transition of the embryo from torpedo- to the early cotyledonary-embryo stage, the accumulation of GS in the seed was accompanied by the salient decline of GS in the corresponding silique wall. Thus, the seed and corresponding silique wall at these two stages were subjected to transcriptomic sequencing analysis. 135 genes related to GS metabolism were identified, of which 24 genes were transcription factors, 81 genes were related to biosynthetic pathway, 25 genes encoded catabolic enzymes, and 5 genes matched with transporters. The expression of GS biosynthetic genes was detected both in seeds and silique walls. The high expression of FMOGS-OX and AOP2, which is related to the production of gluconapin by side modification, was noted in seeds at both stages. Interestingly, the expression of GS biosynthetic genes was higher in the silique wall compared with that in the seed albeit lower content of GS existed in the silique wall than in the seed. Combined with the higher expression of transporter genes GTRs in silique walls than in seeds, it was proposed that the transportation of GS from the silique wall to the seed is an important source for seed GS accumulation. In addition, genes related to GS degradation expressed abundantly in the seed at the early cotyledonary-embryo stage indicating its potential role in balancing seed GS content. Conclusions Two stages including the torpedo-embryo and the early cotyledonary-embryo stage were identified as crucial in GS accumulation during seed development. Moreover, we confirmed the transportation of GS from the silique wall to the seed and proposed possible sidechain modification of GS biosynthesis may exist during seed formation.

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“…They have a similar structure based on a β- d -thioglucose group, a sulfonated oxime group, and a side chain derived from one of the seven protein amino acids. Glucosinolates are synthesized from aliphatic (leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, alanine), aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine), and indole (tryptophan) amino acids [ 16 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Shoots of White and Red Headed Cabbages Like Novel Sources of Glucosinolates as Well as Antioxidative Substances

Kapusta‐Duch

Kusznierewicz

2021

Antioxidants

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Most literature data indicate that the diet rich in plant products reduces the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases and cancer. Brassica vegetables are almost exclusively synthesizing glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are higher in sprouts than in mature plants, being related to the activity of the specific myrosinase involved in the degradation of glucosinolates during developmental stages. This study compares the content of total glucosinolates with their profile and, rare in the literature, also with products of their degradation. Average amounts of total glucosinolates in young shoots of white and red headed cabbage were 26.23 µmol/g d.m. and 27.93 µmol/g d.m., respectively. In addition, antioxidative properties of 21-day-old shoots of white and red headed cabbage were assessed. The area of negative peaks after post-column derivatization with the ABTS reagent, indicating antioxidant activity of young red cabbage shoots, was 20185, compared to the value determined for young white cabbage shoots (3929). The results clearly indicate that, regardless of the vegetable species, young shoots of white and red headed cabbage can be an important source of bioactive substances in the diet, thus being an important element of cancer chemoprevention.

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Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables: Characterization and Factors That Influence Distribution, Content, and Intake

Cited by 61 publications

References 123 publications

Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

Enhancing the Quality of Two Species of Baby Leaves Sprayed with Moringa Leaf Extract as Biostimulant

Comparative transcriptomic analyses of glucosinolate metabolic genes during the formation of Chinese kale seeds

Young Shoots of White and Red Headed Cabbages Like Novel Sources of Glucosinolates as Well as Antioxidative Substances

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