Glucosinolates in the new oilseed crop meadowfoam: natural variation in Section Inflexae of Limnanthes, a new glucosinolate in L. floccosa, and QTL analysis in L. alba

Abstract

Glucosinolates in the new oilseed crop meadowfoam: natural variation in Section Inflexae of Limnanthes, a new glucosinolate in L. floccosa, and QTL analysis in L. alba Abstract Meadowfoam, an oilseed crop grown in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, was developed from Limnanthes alba (Benth.), an herbaceous winter annual native to the west coast of North America. Meadowfoam oil is valued for unique properties attributed to the predominance of very long-chain fatty acids and desaturation at the D5 position. Seed meal remaining after commercial oil extraction contains intact glucosinolates and has potential pesticidal properties owing to isothiocyanate and nitrile glucosinolate derivatives. We identified and quantitated seed glucosinolates in four species of Section Inflexae of Limnanthes to assess variation for this trait in primary and secondary gene pools of cultivated meadowfoam. Glucosinolate content in seeds ranged from 30 to 204 lmol/g dry weight. Only glucolimnanthin (3-methoxybenzyl glucosinolate) was detected in L. alba, L. montana and L. gracilis, but L. floccosa contained glucolepigramin (3-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate) as well as glucolimnanthin. Two QTL affecting seed glucosinolate content were identified in an inter-subspecific BC 1 population derived from a cross between L. alba subsp. alba and L. alba subsp. versicolor.

Isolate Dependency of Brassica rapa Resistance QTLs to Botrytis cinerea

“…In addition to necrotrophic resistance, these compounds also alter resistance to biotrophic pathogens, insects and aphids indicating that they are likely key players in numerous biotic interactions of Brassica plants ( Kroymann and Mitchell-Olds, 2005 ; Pfalz et al, 2007 , 2009 ; Fan et al, 2011 ; Weis et al, 2014 ; Kerwin et al, 2015 ). As a result of this role in numerous different biotic interactions, GSLs show extensive genetic variation in all tested Brassica’s but the link between this natural genetic variation and quantitative resistance to pathogens including B. cinerea has not been queried ( Kliebenstein et al, 2002a , b ; Wentzell et al, 2007 ; Chan et al, 2010 ; Velasco et al, 2011 ; Feng et al, 2012 ; Zou et al, 2013 ; Rahman et al, 2014 ; Brown et al, 2015 ; Gupta et al, 2015 ; Rout et al, 2015 ).…”

Genes affecting novel seed constituents inLimnanthes albaBenth: transcriptome analysis of developing embryos and a new genetic map of meadowfoam

“…Consistent with this we did not detect transcripts for glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes in the meadowfoam developing embryo library. However, because enhancing seed glucosinolate content is a goal of meadowfoam breeding ( Veslasco et al, 2011 ), we developed a marker for CYP79A, the gene encoding the cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in benzyl glucosinolate synthesis from phenylalanine ( Wittstock & Halkier, 2000 ). Primers designed to exclusively produce an intron-containing CYP79A gene fragment generated a single polymorphic product that was localized to LG2 ( Fig.…”

“…The efficacy of this by-product could be improved by augmenting the glucolimnanthin content of meadowfoam cultivars ( Brown & Morra, 2005 ). A recent survey of meadowfoam accessions revealed a nine-fold variation in seed glucolimnanthin content among 90 L. alba breeding lines, indicating substantial genetic diversity in the primary gene pool ( Veslasco et al, 2011 ).…”

Glucosinolate Diversity in Bretschneidera sinensis of Chinese Origin

“…After 15 min at 37 °C, the resulting nitriles were extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (1 mL) and analyzed by GC−MS after drying with K 2 SO 4 . 53 GC-MS Analysis of ITCs and Nitriles. GC-MS analyses of ITCs and nitriles were carried out using a Bruker Scion SQ Premium instrument (Bruker Daltonics), equipped with a 30 m × 0.25 mm capillary column (HP-5MS).…”

“…Nitriles were produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the GL crude extract by the addition of myrosinase (100 μL, 34 U/mL) to the buffer solution. After 15 min at 37 °C, the resulting nitriles were extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (1 mL) and analyzed by GC–MS after drying with K 2 SO 4 …”