Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Thymidine Kinase, and Arginase in Fetal and Adult Human and Rat Liver

Herzfeld, Annemarie; Rosenoer, Victor M.; Raper, Suzanne M.

doi:10.1203/00006450-197612000-00002

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…(Although our samples of human liver reveal no changes in soluble thymidine kinase in the first neonatal wk, these observations are based on neonates who were obviously not developing normally; their causes of death included ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency associated with ammonia intoxication, adrenal insufficiency, and respiratory distress syndrome.) Particulate thymidine kinase was the predominant species in adult human liver (68% of total) and lung (59% of total activity) (8,9,21). This form of thymidine kinase, virtually absent from fetal liver, equalled 20% (first trimester) and 40% (second trimester) of the total thymidine kinase activity in fetal human lung.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In adult rat liver, the total thymidine kinase actiyity is low, and its subcellular localization has been thought to be almost entirely cytosolic (21,30). Careful subcellular fractionation of hepatic thymidine kinase revealed that in the adult rat, approximately on half of the low total activity was in the cytosol when the tissue I : ; ~mogenized in 0.25 M sucrose or 0.15 M KC1 (Table I), but nearly 50% was associated with the particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…we also measured the thymidine kinase in livers and lungs of electively aborted fetuses and from autopsy (neonates) and surgical biopsy specimens of adult humans. The major portion of thymidine kinase in the rat was restricted to the soluble fraction of tissues (21,33). It has previously been shown that much of the enzyme in adult human tissues is associated with particles (especiafiy mitochondria) (21,26,36) and that the properties of the Speculation cytosolic and particulate form of the enzyme differ (23,26,32,34, The postnatal accumulation of soluble thymidine kinase in rat 36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hysterotomy or prostaglandin were not affected by the method of abortion (21). Autopsy samples from infants 3 hr to 6 days old were received through the cooperation of Dr. W. Taeusch, Boston The role of the salvage pathway for DNA synthesis can be Hospital for Women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major portion of thymidine kinase in the rat was restricted to the soluble fraction of tissues (21, 33). It has previously been shown that much of the enzyme in adult human tissues is associated with particles (especiafiy mitochondria) (21,26,36) and that the properties of the Speculation cytosolic and particulate form of the enzyme differ (23, 26, 32, 34, The postnatal accumulation of soluble thymidine kinase in rat 36). We the changes in the of liver, lung, and small intestine may be associated new DNA the soluble and particle-bound thymidine kinase in human liver, synthesis preliminary to the emergence of ontogenica~~y intestine, and lung.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ontogeny of Thymidine Kinase in Tissues of Man and Rat

1980

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SummaryThymidine kinase activities, virtually all soluble in rat lung, liver, and small intestine, descreased abruptly late in gestation or immediately after birth. An injection of thyroxine delayed the fetal but not the neonatal changes in liver activity. An injection of cortisol decreased hepatic and pulmonary thymidine kinase activities in both fetal and neonatal rats but had little effect on the intestinal enzyme. Premature extrauterinization led to an earlier occurrence of the quantitative changes in thymidine kinase activity usually seen at term. Birth-associated changes included a rapid transitory increase in the hepatic enzyme and the virtual loss of intestinal thymidine kinase activity.In human tissues, the soluble thymidine kinase in liver remained high between the 11th and 22nd wk of gestation whereas the particulate enzyme, the predominant form in adult liver, rose in the second half of gestation and reached adult levels a t birth. In human lung, the soluble enzyme started to decrease by the 16th gestational wk, whereas the particulate thymidiie kinase reached the higher adult levels late in gestation. Thymidine kinase in adult human tissues was predominantly particulate. rapidly in the adult but also have hematopoietic potential, e.g., spleen, thymus, and bone marrow (10, 33). The implication of these observations prompted us to explore the developmental changes in the thymidine kinase activities in rat liver after the time when that organ has ceased to contribute significantly to hematopoiesis and to determine if the normal postnatal decreases in thymidine kinase are as abrupt in rat tissues that do not have hematopoietic potential (e.g., small intestine and lung). We also investigated the effects of the process of birth per se (normal or premature delivery) on the activities of this enzyme during the first postnatal day and compared the effects of a cortisol or thyroxine injection on the enzyme in liver, lung, and small intestine before and after birth. To test whether the developmental changes in the thymidine kinase activities in rat tissues provide a model for maturational events in this enzyme in human tissues. we also measured the thymidine kinase in livers and lungs of electively aborted fetuses and from autopsy (neonates) and surgical biopsy specimens of adult humans. The major portion of thymidine kinase in the rat was restricted to the soluble fraction of tissues (21, 33). It has previously been shown that much of the enzyme in adult human tissues is associated with particles (especiafiy mitochondria) (21,26,36) and that the properties of the Speculation cytosolic and particulate form of the enzyme differ (23, 26, 32, 34, The postnatal accumulation of soluble thymidine kinase in rat 36). We the changes in the of liver, lung, and small intestine may be associated new DNA the soluble and particle-bound thymidine kinase in human liver, synthesis preliminary to the emergence of ontogenica~~y intestine, and lung. Our results demonstrate that their developenzyme clusters a t discrete intervals ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ontogeny of Thymidine Kinase in Tissues of Man and Rat

1980

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Enzyme pathology of the liver in patients with and without nonhepatic cancer

Herzfeld

Greengard

McDermott

1980

Cancer

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Preliminary studies of 13 enzymes subserving various metabolic pathways were undertaken in tumor-free liver biopsy samples from cancer patients and control subjects. The observations indicate that as a result of nonhepatic neoplasms, with (7 cases) or without (6 cases) hepatic involvement, the biochemical composition of the liver becomes partially undifferentiated. Quantification of appropriate enzymes in histologically normal liver samples could thus distinguish clearly between cancer hosts and controls. The best discriminators include two hepatic enzymes whose concentrations were decreased to less than 30% of normal (soluble glutamate dehydrogenase and the cold stable pyrroline-5-carhoxylate reductase) and three for which it was elevated two to four-fold (hexokinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase and thymidine kinase) in response to distant neoplasms. The same alterations in hepatic enzyme pattern were not seen in any cancer-free patients with or without morphologic liver damage. Cancer 45:2383-2388, 1980. TUDIES OF THE NATURE of morbidity in cancer S patients suggest that the degree of cachexia bears no simple relationship to the type, size, and anatomic site of neoplasms, or to caloric intake.2 Explanations for the host syndrome are thus sought in the systemic effects of neoplasms, in the alteration they cause in remote tissues via chemical mediators released into the circulatory system.2 Indications that the liver is a sensitive host tissue came from the many biochemical investigations on experimental animals carrying extra-hepatic neoplasms. Studies in this laboratory of some two dozen enzymes showed, for example, that the biochemical composition of the uninvolved, histo-logically normal host liver tends to change in the direction of that of immature liver.g Signs of partial hepatic dedifferentiation were detectable a few days after the

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Enzyme activities in human fetal and neoplastic tissues

Herzfeld

Greengard

1980

Cancer

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The concentrations of ten or 12 enzymes involved in the metabolism of DNA, collagen, amino acids, or glucose have been determined in variants of human intestinal and pulmonary tissues. In comparison to nonneoplastic adult colon, normal fetal colon had elevated concentrations of thymidine kinase, peptidyl proline hydroxylase, phosphoserine phosphatase, ornithine transcarbamylase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and ornithine aminotransferase. Raised activities of the first five of these enzymes, and of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase distinguishes neoplastic from nonneoplastic sections of adult colon. Study of a wide range of pulmonary specimens permitted comparisons of different types of tumors, and revealed some subtle differences between lungs of noncancer patients and nonneoplastic portions of host lungs. The concentrations of eight previously identified enzymic indicators were less in moderately or well differentiated than in poorly differentiated pulmonary adenocarcinomas. The latter differed from epidermoid carcinomas (also poorly differentiated) by containing lower concentrations of thymidine kinase (both soluble and particulate) and hexokinase.

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Glutamate Dehydrogenase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Thymidine Kinase, and Arginase in Fetal and Adult Human and Rat Liver

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

The Ontogeny of Thymidine Kinase in Tissues of Man and Rat

The Ontogeny of Thymidine Kinase in Tissues of Man and Rat

Enzyme pathology of the liver in patients with and without nonhepatic cancer

Enzyme activities in human fetal and neoplastic tissues

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