2014
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011613-135950
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Glutamate Receptor Antagonists as Fast-Acting Therapeutic Alternatives for the Treatment of Depression: Ketamine and Other Compounds

Abstract: The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has rapid and potent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. These effects are in direct contrast to the more modest effects seen after weeks of treatment with classic monoaminergic antidepressants. Numerous open-label and case studies similarly validate ketamine’s antidepressant properties. These clinical findings have been reverse-translated into preclinical models in an effort to elucidate ke… Show more

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Cited by 152 publications
(124 citation statements)
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References 133 publications
(156 reference statements)
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“…We have recently reviewed the growing clinical literature on ketamine's antidepressant efficacy and treatment response biomarkers [Niciu et al 2014a[Niciu et al , 2014c. In this section, we will provide an update on additional studies published since those reports.…”
Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have recently reviewed the growing clinical literature on ketamine's antidepressant efficacy and treatment response biomarkers [Niciu et al 2014a[Niciu et al , 2014c. In this section, we will provide an update on additional studies published since those reports.…”
Section: Clinical Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous data sustain the view that the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine relies on fast changes in dendritic organization (Niciu et al, 2014). In contrast, psychotomimetic effects of NMDAR blockade may result from overactivation of certain cortical areas.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…Glutamatergic drugs like the NMDAR antagonist ketamine may represent valuable alternative drugs, showing fast onset within few hours and sustained therapeutic action lasting up to 2 weeks (Berman et al, 2000). Three main targets for the anti-depressive action of ketamine have been identified: mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) (Niciu et al, 2014). However, it remains unclear, if only these molecular pathways are responsible for the rapid, longlasting antidepressant effect of ketamine.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In their recent review, Niciu et al (28) highlight several other glutamate antagonists that have had some degree of clinical investigation. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine showed initial promise as a potential antidepressant based on preclinical data and supported by its clinical utility in dementia, but initial clinical trials to examine antidepressant efficacy did not yield significant effects (28).…”
Section: Other Glutamate Receptor Antagonistsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine showed initial promise as a potential antidepressant based on preclinical data and supported by its clinical utility in dementia, but initial clinical trials to examine antidepressant efficacy did not yield significant effects (28). NR2B-selective NMDA antagonists have been investigated, such as CP-101,166 and MK 0657.…”
Section: Other Glutamate Receptor Antagonistsmentioning
confidence: 99%