Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Glutamate Secretion in the Mammalian Pineal Gland

Kim, Mean Hwan; Uehara, Satoshi; Muroyama, Akiko; Hille, Bertil; Moriyama, Yoshinori; Koh, Duk Su

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0894-08.2008

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Presumably these complexes can induce glutamate release from pinealocytes, and this subsequently reduces melatonin secretion. Specifically, the released glutamate can stimulate glutamate receptors, by both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, and thus suppress adenylate cyclase via G i protein activation (18,34,35). Our results show that nAChR activation often caused Ca 2ϩ oscillations in isolated pinealocytes (23%) and that the pharmacological properties of evoked Ca 2ϩ oscillations were similar to those of spontaneous Ca 2ϩ oscillations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The resulting function as a [Ca 2ϩ ] i rise enhances the release of glutamic acid from pinealocytes. This glutamic acid acts as an autocrine/paracrine agent: it activates glutaminergic signals through metabotropic glutamate receptor type 3 (mGluR3) stimulation, which couples to G i protein and reduces adenylate cyclase activity (18,34). The decrease in cAMP production diminishes AANAT activity and melatonin synthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes

Mizutani

Yamamura

Muramatsu

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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The pineal gland regulates circadian rhythm through the synthesis and secretion of melatonin. The rise of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) following nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation due to parasympathetic nerve activity downregulates melatonin production. Important characteristics and roles of Ca(2+) mobilization due to nAChR stimulation remain to be clarified. We report here that spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations can be observed in ∼15% of the pinealocytes in slice preparations from rat pineal glands when this dissociation procedure is done within 6 h from a dark-to-light change. The frequency and half-life of [Ca(2+)]i rise were 0.86 min(-1) and 19 s, respectively. Similar spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations were recorded in 17% of rat pinealocytes that were primary cultured for several days. Simultaneous measurement of [Ca(2+)]i and membrane potential revealed that spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations were triggered by periodic membrane depolarizations. Spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations in cultured pinealocytes were abolished by extracellular Ca(2+) removal or application of nifedipine, a blocker of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC). In contrast, blockers of intracellular Ca(2+)-release channels, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate and ryanodine, have no effect. Our results also reveal that, in 23% quiescent pinealocytes, Ca(2+) oscillations were observed following the withdrawal of nicotine. Norepinephrine-induced melatonin secretion from whole pineal glands was significantly decreased by the coapplication of acetylcholine (ACh). This inhibitory effect of ACh was attenuated by nifedipine. In conclusion, both spontaneous and evoked Ca(2+) oscillations are due to membrane depolarization following activation of VDCCs. This consists of VDCC α1F subunit, and the associated Ca(2+) influx can strongly regulate melatonin secretion in pineal glands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes

Mizutani

Yamamura

Muramatsu

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…Pinealocytes were isolated from pineal glands of male Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN) at postnatal weeks 5-6 as described previously (20). Animals were on a 14:10 day-night cycle and killed in the midmorning during the light period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of nicotinic receptor channels by adrenergic stimulation in rat pinealocytes

Yoon

Jung

Hille

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Melatonin secretion from the pineal gland is triggered by norepinephrine released from sympathetic terminals at night. In contrast, cholinergic and parasympathetic inputs, by activating nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChR), have been suggested to counterbalance the noradrenergic input. Here we investigated whether adrenergic signaling regulates nAChR channels in rat pinealocytes. Acetylcholine or the selective nicotinic receptor agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) activated large nAChR currents in whole cell patch-clamp experiments. Norepinephrine (NE) reduced the nAChR currents, an effect partially mimicked by a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, and blocked by a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, propranolol. Increasing intracellular cAMP levels using membrane-permeable 8-bromoadenosine (8-Br)-cAMP or 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (cBIMPS) also reduced nAChR activity, mimicking the effects of NE and isoproterenol. Further, removal of ATP from the intracellular pipette solution blocked the reduction of nAChR currents, suggesting involvement of protein kinases. Indeed protein kinase A inhibitors, H-89 and Rp-cAMPS, blocked the modulation of nAChR by adrenergic stimulation. After the downmodulation by NE, nAChR channels mediated a smaller Ca(2+) influx and less membrane depolarization from the resting potential. Together these results suggest that NE released from sympathetic terminals at night attenuates nicotinic cholinergic signaling.

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“…The brain-slice technique was introduced more than 40 years ago but is still very useful for the investigation of the electrical properties of neurons, both at the single cell soma, single dendrite or axon, and microcircuit synaptic level 19 . Tissues that are too small to be glued directly onto the slicing chamber are often first embedded in agar (or placed onto a filter paper) and then sliced 20,23,18,9 . In this video, we employ the pre-embedding agar technique using goldfish retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Try to minimize the amount of solution around the retina as it is placed into the liquid agar. Immerse directly in ice-cold slice solution (prepared in (3.3)) to solidify the agar 20,18,9 . We use a small, handmade container.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patch-clamp Capacitance Measurements and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Imaging at Single Nerve Terminals in Retinal Slices

Kim

Vickers

Gersdorff

2012

JoVE

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Visual stimuli are detected and conveyed over a wide dynamic range of light intensities and frequency changes by specialized neurons in the vertebrate retina. Two classes of retinal neurons, photoreceptors and bipolar cells, accomplish this by using ribbon-type active zones, which enable sustained and high-throughput neurotransmitter release over long time periods. ON-type mixed bipolar cell (Mb) terminals in the goldfish retina, which depolarize to light stimuli and receive mixed rod and cone photoreceptor input, are suitable for the study of ribbon-type synapses both due to their large size (~10-12 μm diameter) and to their numerous lateral and reciprocal synaptic connections with amacrine cell dendrites. Direct access to Mb bipolar cell terminals in goldfish retinal slices with the patch-clamp technique allows the measurement of presynaptic Ca 2+ currents, membrane capacitance changes, and reciprocal synaptic feedback inhibition mediated by GABAA and GABAC receptors expressed on the terminals. Presynaptic membrane capacitance measurements of exocytosis allow one to study the short-term plasticity of excitatory neurotransmitter release 14,15 . In addition, short-term and long-term plasticity of inhibitory neurotransmitter release from amacrine cells can also be investigated by recordings of reciprocal feedback inhibition arriving at the Mb terminal 21 . Over short periods of time (e.g.~10 s), GABAergic reciprocal feedback inhibition from amacrine cells undergoes paired-pulse depression via GABA vesicle pool depletion 11 . The synaptic dynamics of retinal microcircuits in the inner plexiform layer of the retina can thus be directly studied. The brain-slice technique was introduced more than 40 years ago but is still very useful for the investigation of the electrical properties of neurons, both at the single cell soma, single dendrite or axon, and microcircuit synaptic level 19 . Tissues that are too small to be glued directly onto the slicing chamber are often first embedded in agar (or placed onto a filter paper) and then sliced 20,23,18,9 . In this video, we employ the pre-embedding agar technique using goldfish retina. Some of the giant bipolar cell terminals in our slices of goldfish retina are axotomized (axon-cut) during the slicing procedure. This allows us to isolate single presynaptic nerve terminal inputs, because recording from axotomized terminals excludes the signals from the soma-dendritic compartment. Alternatively, one can also record from intact Mb bipolar cells, by recording from terminals attached to axons that have not been cut during the slicing procedure. Overall, use of this experimental protocol will aid in studies of retinal synaptic physiology, microcircuit functional analysis, and synaptic transmission at ribbon synapses. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at http://www.jove.com/video/3345/ Protocol Set the pH to 7.4 (with NaOH), and adjust osmolarity to 260 mOsm (using H2O and 10x stock solution). 2. Weigh out 3% low gelling-temperature agar (Agarose ...

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Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Glutamate Secretion in the Mammalian Pineal Gland

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes

Modulation of nicotinic receptor channels by adrenergic stimulation in rat pinealocytes

Patch-clamp Capacitance Measurements and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Imaging at Single Nerve Terminals in Retinal Slices

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Glutamate Transporter-Mediated Glutamate Secretion in the Mammalian Pineal Gland

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca2+ oscillations mediated by Ca2+ influx in rat pinealocytes

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca2+ oscillations mediated by Ca2+ influx in rat pinealocytes

Modulation of nicotinic receptor channels by adrenergic stimulation in rat pinealocytes

Patch-clamp Capacitance Measurements and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Imaging at Single Nerve Terminals in Retinal Slices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes

Spontaneous and nicotine-induced Ca²⁺ oscillations mediated by Ca²⁺ influx in rat pinealocytes