2002
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.182200499
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Glutamatergic activity in the amygdala signals visceral input during taste memory formation

Abstract: Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is a learning paradigm in which an animal avoids a taste (conditioned stimulus) previously associated with visceral toxic effects [or unconditioned stimulus (US)]. Although many studies have implicated glutamate-mediated neurotransmission in memory consolidation of different types of learning tasks, including CTA, the exact role of this neurotransmitter system in memory formation is not known. Thus, we set out to determine whether glutamate mediates signaling of the US in CTA. … Show more

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Cited by 90 publications
(76 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, when tetanic stimulation is applied to BLA [a procedure that induces NMDA-dependent long-term potentiation in GC (Jones et al, 1999;Escobar et al, 1998aEscobar et al, ,b, 2002] immediately before CTA induction, retention of the learning is enhanced (Escobar and Bermudez-Rattoni, 2000). A weak CTA can be enhanced by intra-BLA infusion of glutamate (Miranda et al, 2002), but this effect is blocked by NMDA receptor blockade in GC (Ferreira et al, 2005), again suggesting that amygdalocortical connections are an important part of CTA learning. Relatedly, a recent report (Bauer et al, 2007) shows that ␥-oscillatory (35-45 Hz) field potential coherence between BLA and rhinal cortex increases across 6 d of learning to respond to a visual cue paired with a food reward.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Furthermore, when tetanic stimulation is applied to BLA [a procedure that induces NMDA-dependent long-term potentiation in GC (Jones et al, 1999;Escobar et al, 1998aEscobar et al, ,b, 2002] immediately before CTA induction, retention of the learning is enhanced (Escobar and Bermudez-Rattoni, 2000). A weak CTA can be enhanced by intra-BLA infusion of glutamate (Miranda et al, 2002), but this effect is blocked by NMDA receptor blockade in GC (Ferreira et al, 2005), again suggesting that amygdalocortical connections are an important part of CTA learning. Relatedly, a recent report (Bauer et al, 2007) shows that ␥-oscillatory (35-45 Hz) field potential coherence between BLA and rhinal cortex increases across 6 d of learning to respond to a visual cue paired with a food reward.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Palatability-related information only appears in GC between 0.8 and 1.0 s after taste administration (Katz et al, 2001a); CTA, which changes taste palatability without affecting actual taste quality (Berridge and Robinson, 1998), would therefore be predicted to change only these later aspects of GC taste responses . Indirect evidence, meanwhile, suggests that activity in BLA, which is known to code palatability (Nishijo et al, 1998), may drive CTA-related activity and plasticity in GC (Escobar et al, 1998a,b;Escobar and Bermudez-Rattoni, 2000;Miranda et al, 2002;Ferreira et al, 2005). Thus, learning should change earlier aspects of BLA responses than GC responses [i.e., learning should change BLA responses produced Ͻ1 s after stimulus administration; for similar logic in fear conditioning, see Quirk et al (1997), Armony et al (1998), and Repa et al, 2001].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10. The association between CS and US is likely to happen at the brainstem level, in the parabrachial nucleus, the US-relevant (visceral) information is transmitted to the amygdala and then to the cortex via glutamatergic projections (30), whereas taste-related information follows a classical brainstemthalamic pathway (31). The role of the insular cortex (containing primary GC) in CTA has been the topic of several studies (12,21).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Saccharin consumption (in percentage) was calculated as consumption test ϫ 100/consumption acquisition. For the induction of a strong CTA-LTM, the LiCl solution used was 0.4 M (7.5 mL/kg) (37).…”
Section: Contextual Fear Conditioning (Cfc)mentioning
confidence: 99%