Glutamatergic Synthesis, Recycling, and Receptor Pharmacology at Drosophila and Crustacean Neuromuscular Junctions

Titlow, Josh; Cooper, Robin L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-7228-9_9

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 241 publications

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“…Thus, it seems unlikely that the receptivity to acetylcholine (Ach) is compromised. Glutamatergic receptivity at the crayfish neuromuscular junction, which is similar in the receptor subtypes on Drosophila body wall muscle [39], was not compromised by LPS/associated peptidoglycans ( S. m. ) exposure. Instead, the evoked release was enhanced and was suggested to be caused by promoting presynaptic Ca 2+ influx with the presynaptic terminals due in part by the increased occurrences of spontaneous quantal responses [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

Istas

Greenhalgh

Cooper

2019

Insects

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The effect of bacterial sepsis on animal behavior and physiology is complex due to direct and indirect actions. The most common form of bacterial sepsis in humans is from gram-negative bacterial strains. The endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and/or associated peptidoglycans from the bacteria are the key agents to induce an immune response, which then produces a cascade of immunological consequences. However, there are direct actions of LPS and associated peptidoglycans on cells which are commonly overlooked. This study showed behavioral and neural changes in larval Drosophila fed commercially obtained LPS from Serratia marcescens. Locomotor behavior was not altered, but feeding behavior increased and responses to sensory tactile stimuli were decreased. In driving a sensory-central nervous system (CNS)-motor neural circuit in in-situ preparations, direct application of commercially obtained LPS initially increased evoked activity and then decreased and even stopped evoked responses in a dose-dependent manner. With acute LPS and associated peptidoglycans exposure (10 min), the depressed neural responses recovered within a few minutes after removal of LPS. Commercially obtained LPS induces a transitory hyperpolarization of the body wall muscles within seconds of exposure and alters activity within the CNS circuit. Thus, LPS and/or associated peptidoglycans have direct effects on body wall muscle without a secondary immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

Istas

Greenhalgh

Cooper

2019

Insects

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“…The synaptic function of Nesprins has begun to be investigated in the Drosophila melanogaster orthologue, msp300, one of many molecular components that are conserved between the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and mammalian glutamatergic synapses (Harris and Littleton, 2015;Menon et al, 2013;Titlow and Cooper, 2018). Msp300 is required for activitydependent plasticity at the larval NMJ (Packard et al, 2015), where it organizes a postsynaptic actin scaffold around newly formed synapse clusters, known as boutons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syncrip/hnRNP Q is required for activity-induced Msp300/Nesprin-1 expression and new synapse formation

Titlow

Robertson

Järvelin

et al. 2020

Journal of Cell Biology

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Memory and learning involve activity-driven expression of proteins and cytoskeletal reorganization at new synapses, requiring posttranscriptional regulation of localized mRNA a long distance from corresponding nuclei. A key factor expressed early in synapse formation is Msp300/Nesprin-1, which organizes actin filaments around the new synapse. How Msp300 expression is regulated during synaptic plasticity is poorly understood. Here, we show that activity-dependent accumulation of Msp300 in the postsynaptic compartment of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction is regulated by the conserved RNA binding protein Syncrip/hnRNP Q. Syncrip (Syp) binds to msp300 transcripts and is essential for plasticity. Single-molecule imaging shows that msp300 is associated with Syp in vivo and forms ribosome-rich granules that contain the translation factor eIF4E. Elevated neural activity alters the dynamics of Syp and the number of msp300:Syp:eIF4E RNP granules at the synapse, suggesting that these particles facilitate translation. These results introduce Syp as an important early acting activity-dependent regulator of a plasticity gene that is strongly associated with human ataxias.

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“…However, they do not share the same pharmacological profile. They do not respond well to AMPA, kainate, or N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) but are highly sensitive to quisqualate [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Direct Action of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Skeletal Muscle of Larval Drosophila

Potter

Meade

Potter

et al. 2021

Biology

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The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria exerts a direct and rapid effect on tissues. While most attention is given to the downstream actions of the immune system in response to LPS, this study focuses on the direct actions of LPS on skeletal muscle in Drosophila melanogaster. It was noted in earlier studies that the membrane potential rapidly hyperpolarizes in a dose-dependent manner with exposure to LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. The response is transitory while exposed to LPS, and the effect does not appear to be due to calcium-activated potassium channels, activated nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or the opening of Cl− channels. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the mechanism of the hyperpolarization of the larval Drosophila muscle due to exposure of LPS using several different experimental paradigms. It appears this response is unlikely related to activation of the Na-K pump or Ca2+ influx. The unknown activation of a K+ efflux could be responsible. This will be an important factor to consider in treatments of bacterial septicemia and cellular energy demands.

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Glutamatergic Synthesis, Recycling, and Receptor Pharmacology at Drosophila and Crustacean Neuromuscular Junctions

Cited by 6 publications

References 241 publications

The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

The Effects of a Bacterial Endotoxin on Behavior and Sensory-CNS-Motor Circuits in Drosophila melanogaster

Syncrip/hnRNP Q is required for activity-induced Msp300/Nesprin-1 expression and new synapse formation

Rapid and Direct Action of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Skeletal Muscle of Larval Drosophila

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