Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 mRNA Regulation in Two Globus Pallidus Neuron Populations by Dopamine and the Subthalamic Nucleus

Billings, Lauren M.; Marshall, John F.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5118-03.2004

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Moderate levels of D1‐ and D2‐class receptor binding are evident in rodent, primate and human GPe (Martres et al ., ; Boyson et al ., ; Dawson et al ., , ; Dubois et al ., ; Savasta et al ., ; Charuchinda et al ., ; Richfield et al ., , ; Beckstead, ; Beckstead et al ., ; Mansour et al ., , , ; Bouthenet et al ., ; Fremeau et al ., ; Joyce et al ., ; Mengod et al ., , ; Rao et al ., ; Janowsky et al ., ; Wamsley et al ., ; Kessler et al ., ; Levant et al ., ; Herroelen et al ., ; Murray et al ., ; Hall et al ., ; Carey et al ., ; Gurevich & Joyce, ). In situ hybridization, tissue‐level polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical studies have argued that at least some of these receptors are postsynaptically expressed by cells residing within the GPe (Meador‐Woodruff et al ., ; Najlerahim et al ., ; Mansour et al ., , , ; Bouthenet et al ., ; Joyce et al ., ; Weiner et al ., ; Fox et al ., ; Larson & Ariano, ; Mrzljak et al ., ; Ariano et al ., ; Gurevich & Joyce, ; Marshall et al ., ; Shin et al ., ; Billings & Marshall, ; Hoover & Marshall, ). Nevertheless, an overwhelming majority of the dopamine D2 receptors are associated with dStr axons and their terminals (Hadipour‐Niktarash et al ., ).…”

Section: Synaptic and Neuromodulatory Control Of The Gpementioning

confidence: 99%

The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

Hegeman

Hong

Hernández

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

133

154

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The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all basal ganglia nuclei. Despite the clinical importance of the GPe in common motor disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, we have only limited information about its cellular composition and organizational principles. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the diversity in the molecular profile, anatomy, physiology, and corresponding behavior during movement of GPe neurons. Importantly, we attempt to build consensus and highlight commonalities of the cellular classification based on existing but contentious literature. Additionally, we provide an analysis of the literature concerning the intricate reciprocal loops formed between the GPe and major synaptic partners, including both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus. In conclusion, the GPe has emerged as a crucial node in the basal ganglia macrocircuit. While subtleties in the cellular makeup and synaptic connection of the GPe create new challenges, modern research tools have shown promise in untangling such complexity and will provide better understanding of the roles of the GPe in encoding movements and their associated pathologies.

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Section: Synaptic and Neuromodulatory Control Of The Gpementioning

confidence: 99%

The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

Hegeman

Hong

Hernández

et al. 2016

Eur J of Neuroscience

133

154

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“…Because the autonomous firing of some (but not all) GP neurons might be compromised after 6-OHDA lesions (Chan et al 2011;Miguelez et al 2012), the basal firing differences predicted here could reflect pathological changes in the intrinsic membrane properties of GP neurons in Parkinsonism. Such pathological alterations might be cell-type selective, with the excitability/activity of GP-TA and GP-TI neurons being differentially regulated by dopaminergic transmission or its disruption (also see Billings & Marshall, 2004).…”

Section: Additional Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus–globus pallidus network during Parkinsonian oscillations

Nevado‐Holgado

Mallet

Magill

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

109

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In Parkinsonism, subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons and two types of external globus pallidus (GP) neuron inappropriately synchronise their firing in time with slow (∼1 Hz) or beta (13–30 Hz) oscillations in cortex. We recorded the activities of STN, Type-I GP (GP-TI) and Type-A GP (GP-TA) neurons in anaesthetised Parkinsonian rats during such oscillations to constrain a series of computational models that systematically explored the effective connections and physiological parameters underlying neuronal rhythmic firing and phase preferences in vivo. The best candidate model, identified with a genetic algorithm optimising accuracy/complexity measures, faithfully reproduced experimental data and predicted that the effective connections of GP-TI and GP-TA neurons are quantitatively different. Estimated inhibitory connections from striatum were much stronger to GP-TI neurons than to GP-TA neurons, whereas excitatory connections from thalamus were much stronger to GP-TA and STN neurons than to GP-TI neurons. Reciprocal connections between GP-TI and STN neurons were matched in weight, but those between GP-TA and STN neurons were not; only GP-TI neurons sent substantial connections back to STN. Different connection weights between and within the two types of GP neuron were also evident. Adding to connection differences, GP-TA and GP-TI neurons were predicted to have disparate intrinsic physiological properties, reflected in distinct autonomous firing rates. Our results elucidate potential substrates of GP functional dichotomy, and emphasise that rhythmic inputs from striatum, thalamus and cortex are important for setting activity in the STN–GP network during Parkinsonian beta oscillations, suggesting they arise from interactions between most nodes of basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuits.

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“…100 Importantly, about 40% of GPe neurons also project to the striatum where they predominantly synapse with interneurons. 101 The GPe is therefore perfectly placed to exert a powerful impact on basal ganglia information processing (see Fig 2).…”

Section: Globus Pallidus Pars Externa-subthalamic Nucleus-globus Pallmentioning

confidence: 99%

The basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease: Current concepts and unexplained observations

et al. 2009

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The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is reviewed in light of recent advances in the understanding of the functional organization of the basal ganglia (BG). Current emphasis is placed on the parallel interactions between corticostriatal and corticosubthalamic afferents on the one hand, and internal feedback circuits modulating BG output through the globus pallidus pars interna and substantia nigra pars reticulata on the other. In the normal BG network, the globus pallidus pars externa emerges as a main regulatory station of output activity. In the parkinsonian state, dopamine depletion shifts the BG toward inhibiting cortically generated movements by increasing the gain in the globus pallidus pars externa-subthalamic nucleus-globus pallidus pars interna network and reducing activity in "direct" cortico-putaminal-globus pallidus pars interna projections. Standard pharmacological treatments do not mimic the normal physiology of the dopaminergic system and, therefore, fail to restore a functional balance between corticostriatal afferents in the so-called direct and indirect pathways, leading to the development of motor complications. This review emphasizes the concept that the BG can no longer be understood as a "go-through" station in the control of movement, behavior, and emotions. The growing understanding of the complexity of the normal BG and the changes induced by DA depletion should guide the development of more efficacious therapies for Parkinson's disease.

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Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 67 mRNA Regulation in Two Globus Pallidus Neuron Populations by Dopamine and the Subthalamic Nucleus

Abstract: The globus pallidus (GP) consists of two neuron populations, distinguished according to their immunoreactivity for parvalbumin (PV).

Cited by 19 publications

References 54 publications

The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives

Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus–globus pallidus network during Parkinsonian oscillations

The basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease: Current concepts and unexplained observations

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