Glutamine Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb Ischemia Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Shih, Yao Ming; Shih, Juey Ming; Pai, Man Hui; Hou, Yu; Yeh, Chiu Li; Yeh, Sung Ling

doi:10.1177/0148607115587949

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This suggests that the impairment of pulmonary gas exchange was not independent of oxidative stress injury and that lipid emulsion administration reduced lipid peroxidation in muscle tissues. Our results are in agreement with somef reports [1, 8], but contrary to the reports of others [5, 14]. The reasons for the discordance between these two kinds of different reports may be related to animal species, the duration of ischemia and/or reperfusion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Shih et al [1] reported that an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) may lead to the activation of neutrophils and the upregulation of CAMs on both neutrophils and endothelial cells. This is followed by transmigration into the local tissue interstitium resulting in local tissue damage, as well as an intense inflammatory responses that occur both locally and systemically [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute limb ischemia is a frequent clinical entity that is associated with trauma, acute atherosclerotic thrombosis/embolism or iatrogenic vascular injuries [1]. The most common ischemic/reperfusion injury in surgery are vascular clamps for vascular surgery as well as Tourniquets, used for orthopedic surgery of the limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yassin et al [2] reported increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are associated with vascular obstruction, and activation and infiltration of neutrophils in the lung after limb ischemia/reperfusion. Shih et al [1] have suggested that TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in limb tissues after limb ischemia/reperfusion lead to the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and increase the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on both neutrophils and endothelial cells, resulting in local tissue injury and downstream damage to the lungs. However, investigators have also proved that glutamine can mitigate local injury thereby inhibiting a systemic inflammatory affect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid emulsion mitigates impaired pulmonary function induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats through attenuation of local cellular injury and the subsequent systemic inflammatory

Xia

Chen

et al. 2017

BMC Anesthesiol

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BackgroundLimb ischemia/reperfusion causes inflammation and elicits oxidative stress that may lead to local tissue damage and remote organ such as lung injury. This study investigates pulmonary function after limb ischemia/reperfusion and the protective effect of a lipid emulsion (Intralipid).MethodsTwenty-four rats were divided into three groups: sham operation group (group S), ischemia/reperfusion group (group IR), and lipid emulsion treatment group (group LE). limb ischemia/reperfusion was induced through occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 3 h. The microvascular clamp was removed carefully and reperfusion was provided for 3 h.ResultsThe mean arterial pressure in group LE was higher than group IR during the reperfusion period (P = 0.024). The heart rate of both group LE and IR are significantly higher than group S during the ischemia period(P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The arterial oxygen pressure of group LE was significantly higher than group IR (P = 0.003), the arterial carbon dioxide pressure of group LE were lower than that of group IR (P = 0.005). The concentration of plasma interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde in group LE were significantly lower than group IR (P < 0.001, P = 0.009 and 0.029, respectively). The plasma superoxide dismutase activity in group LE was significantly higher than group IR (P = 0.029). The myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues of group LE was significantly less than group IR (P = 0.046). Both muscle and lung in group IR were damaged seriously, whereas lipid emulsion (Intralipid) effectively reversed the damage. In summary, Intralipid administration resulted in several beneficial effects as compared to group IR, such as the pulmonary gas exchange and inflammatory.ConclusionsThe ischemic/reperfusion injury of limb muscles with resultant inflammatory damage to lung tissue can be mitigated by administration of a lipid emulsion (Intralipid, 20%, 5 ml/kg). The mechanisms attenuating such a physiological may be attributed to reduction of the degree of limb injury through a decrease in the release of local inflammatory mediators, a reduction of lipid peroxidation, and a blunting of the subsequent remote inflammatory response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lipid emulsion mitigates impaired pulmonary function induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats through attenuation of local cellular injury and the subsequent systemic inflammatory

Xia

Chen

et al. 2017

BMC Anesthesiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IL-1 is an acute inflammatory factor that is involved in the process and regulation of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shih et al established a mouse model of limb ischemia-reperfusion injury and found that IL-1 mRNA expression in blood was significantly increased at 4 hours after reperfusion [ 22 ]. Our study also found that IL-1 levels were significantly increased at 6 hours after reperfusion in the I/R group and that TEAS could significantly reduce this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion

Chen

Yang

et al. 2017

Mediators of Inflammation

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Reperfusion after tourniquet use can induce inflammation and cause remote organ injury. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on inflammatory mediators and lung function in patients receiving lower limb tourniquets. Forty patients undergoing unilateral lower extremity surgery with tourniquet were randomly assigned to two groups: the TEAS group and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group. The C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and arterial blood gas analysis were measured preoperatively and 6 h after tourniquet removal. The levels of CXCL8, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 were significantly increased compared to baseline values in both groups, but the increase was significantly smaller in the TEAS group. In the TEAS group, the partial pressure of oxygen and arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio were significantly decreased, and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference and respiratory index were significantly increased, compared to those in the I/R group at 6 h after reperfusion. In conclusion, TEAS diminished the upregulation of proinflammatory factors in response to lower limb ischemia-reperfusion and improved pulmonary gas exchange.

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Understanding the pathophysiological changes via untargeted metabolomics in COVID‐19 patients

Doğan

Şenol

Bolat

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by a new strain of the coronavirus. There is limited data on the pathogenesis and the cellular responses of COVID‐19. In this study, we aimed to determine the variation of metabolites between healthy control and COVID‐19 via the untargeted metabolomics method. Serum samples were obtained from 44 COVID‐19 patients and 41 healthy controls. Untargeted metabolomics analyses were performed by the LC/Q‐TOF/MS (liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry) method. Data acquisition, classification, and identification were achieved by the METLIN database and XCMS. Significant differences were determined between patients and healthy controls in terms of purine, glutamine, leukotriene D4 (LTD4), and glutathione metabolisms. Downregulations were determined in R‐S lactoglutathione and glutamine. Upregulations were detected in hypoxanthine, inosine, and LTD4. Identified metabolites indicate roles for purine, glutamine, LTD4, and glutathione metabolisms in the pathogenesis of the COVID‐19. The use of selective leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists, targeting purinergic signaling as a therapeutic approach and glutamine supplementation may decrease the severity and mortality of COVID‐19.

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Glutamine Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb Ischemia Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Abstract: A single dose of GLN administration immediately after sublethal lower limb ischemia reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Lipid emulsion mitigates impaired pulmonary function induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats through attenuation of local cellular injury and the subsequent systemic inflammatory

Lipid emulsion mitigates impaired pulmonary function induced by limb ischemia/reperfusion in rats through attenuation of local cellular injury and the subsequent systemic inflammatory

The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Inflammatory Response in Patients Undergoing Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion

Understanding the pathophysiological changes via untargeted metabolomics in COVID‐19 patients

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