Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets

Li, Zeyang; Sciascia, Q.; Görs, Solvig; Nguyen, Nga; Baghal, Farahnaz Rayatdoost; Schregel, Johannes; Tuchscherer, Armin; Zentek, Jürgen; Metges, C. C.

doi:10.1017/s0007114522000459

Cited by 7 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another study reported that Gln supplementation had similar effects on growth performance and plasma concentration of TNF-alpha in weaned piglets as antibiotic treatment [ 36 ]. Although we observed in a companion study with the same experimental animals that plasma Gln concentrations were higher 2 h after oral Gln supplementation in the 5 d and 12 d old piglets compared to Ala supplementation [ 42 ], in jejunal digesta and tissue the FAA and PBAA Gln concentrations and that of its metabolite Glu were not different between the Ala and Gln piglets. This may indicate that the Gln dose was absorbed in the proximal SI (duodenum and/or proximal jejunum) [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trial design has been previously described in detail [ 42 ]. Briefly, male LBW with a mean birth weight (BiW ) of 1.1 ± 0.04 kg (n = 48; below the lowest BiW quartile of the experimental pig facility) [ 42 ] and NBW (1.49 ± 0.04 kg; n = 48; represents the middle 50 th percentile of piglets born at the experimental pig facility) littermates selected at birth. Within 24 h post farrowing, litter sizes were standardized to 12 piglets and experimental piglets assigned to either Gln (1 g/kg BW/d; n = 48) or Ala (1.22 g/kg BW/d; isonitrogenous to Gln; n = 48) supplementation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental piglets remained with, and were suckled by their respective dam throughout the study, which was performed across 17 experimental blocks. Approximately 24 h post birth, experimental piglets were orally supplemented with Gln or Ala as described [ 42 ]. Piglets were supplemented 3 times daily (07:00, 12:00 and 17:00) with 1/3 of the calculated daily dose using disposable syringes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on jejunal morphology, development, and amino acid profiles in male low birth weight suckling piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background It has been shown that small intestine development in low birth weight (LBW) piglets is impaired. Glutamine (Gln) has been reported to improve piglet health and intestinal function in weaned piglets, but data is scarce in suckling piglets. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oral Gln supplementation compared to Alanine (Ala) on jejunal development and function in 5 and 12 d old male LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) suckling piglets. Results Gln had no effect on the jejunal morphology, development, tissue and digesta amino acid profiles and mRNA abundance of genes involved in amino acid transport, metabolism, glutathione synthesis in LBW piglets when compared to Ala supplementation and birth weight controls at 5 and 12 d. Only the concentration of Gln in jejunal tissue was higher in NBW piglets supplemented with Gln compared to Ala at 5 d (P < 0.05). A comparison of the birth weight groups showed no differences between LBW and NBW piglets at 5 and 12 d in any parameter. Jejunal crypt depth, villus height / width, tunica muscularis thickness, number of goblet and IgA positive cells, the ratio of jejunal RNA to DNA and the concentration of DNA, protein and RNA changed (P < 0.05) from 5 compared to 12 d. The concentrations of several free, and protein bound amino acids as well as amino metabolites differed between age groups in jejunal tissue but the digesta concentrations were affected to a lesser extent. Conclusions Oral Gln supplementation to suckling male piglets over the first 12 d of life was not associated with changes in jejunal parameters measured in this study. The absence of effects may indicate that Gln is absorbed as well as metabolized in the upper intestinal tract and thus could benefit intestinal development at a more proximal location.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on jejunal morphology, development, and amino acid profiles in male low birth weight suckling piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In sow milk, Gln and glutamate are highly concentrated peptide-bound amino acids. The free Gln concentration increases during lactation [ 17 ]. Glutamine is an important energy source for enterocytes of neonatal piglets [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mortality, impaired development and metabolic dysfunctions of suckling low-birthweight piglets may be influenced by modulating the intestinal microbiome through glutamine supplementation. Therefore, this study examined whether glutamine supplementation may affect the colonic development and microbiome composition of male low- and normal-birthweight piglets at 5 and 12 days of age. Suckling piglets were supplemented orally with glutamine or alanine. Colonic digesta samples were obtained for 16S rDNA sequencing, determination of bacterial metabolites and histomorphological tissue analyses. Glutamine-supplemented piglets had lower concentrations of cadaverine and spermidine in the colonic digesta (p < 0.05) and a higher number of CD3+ colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes compared to alanine-supplemented piglets (p < 0.05). Low-birthweight piglets were characterised by a lower relative abundance of Firmicutes, the genera Negativibacillus and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05). Concentrations of cadaverine and total biogenic amines (p < 0.05) and CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (p < 0.05) were lower in low- compared with normal-birthweight piglets. In comparison to the factor age, glutamine supplementation and birthweight were associated with minor changes in microbial and histological characteristics of the colon, indicating that ontogenetic factors play a more important role in intestinal development.

show abstract

Serum metabolomic characterization in pigs in relation to birth weight category and neonatal nutrition

Wellington

Rodrigues

Quinn

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to characterize developmental differences in low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) piglets with or without pre-weaning nutrient restriction using serum metabolomic profile analysis. At farrowing, 112 piglets were identified as LBW (1.22 ± 0.28 kg) or NBW (1.70 ± 0.27 kg) and were randomly assigned to receive normal nutrition (NN) or restricted nutrition (RN) (6 h/day no suckling) from d 2 to 28 post-farrow (n=8pigs/group). On d 28, piglets were weaned onto a common diet. Fasted blood samples were obtained on d 28 and 56 (n=8pigs/group) and were analyzed using quantitative metabolomics via a combination of direct injection mass spectrometry with a reverse-phase LC-MS/MS custom assay. Data were normalized using logarithmic transformation and auto-scaling. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out to further explore the differential metabolites among the groups (metaboanalyst.ca) with an integrated enrichment and pathway topography analysis. On d 28, LBW piglets had lower levels of essential amino acids as well as reduced metabolites associated with fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and the TCA cycle compared to the NBW group. The overall reduction of metabolites associated with energy production and regulation suggests that LBW vs. NBW are in an energy-survival state. On d 56, LBW pigs had increased utilization of fatty acids and resultant ketone production, evident by increased carnitines, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol compared to NBW pigs. Additionally, compared to the NBW pigs LBW pigs had a consistent decrease in serum glucose and lactate as well as reduced TCA cycle metabolites: pyruvate, succinate, citrate, and α-ketoglutaric acid similar to d 28. Low reliance on glycolysis and the TCA cycle and higher glycerol production in the LBW pigs may indicate impairments in glucose tolerance at 56 d. In summary, LBW piglets appear to have more metabolic alterations in early life, which is not resolved with adequate nutrition or refeeding and may elucidate physiological and metabolic mechanisms of poor growth and life performance compared to NBW pigs later in life.

show abstract

Glutamine supplementation moderately affects growth, plasma metabolite and free amino acid patterns in neonatal low birth weight piglets

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on jejunal morphology, development, and amino acid profiles in male low birth weight suckling piglets

Effects of oral glutamine supplementation on jejunal morphology, development, and amino acid profiles in male low birth weight suckling piglets

Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation, Birthweight and Age on Colonic Morphology and Microbiome Development in Male Suckling Piglets

Serum metabolomic characterization in pigs in relation to birth weight category and neonatal nutrition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About