Glutaminolysis in Animal Cells

Specific heat flow rate: An on-line monitor and potential control variable of specific metabolic rate in animal cell culture that combines microcalorimetry with dielectric spectroscopy

“…The oxidative process of glutaminolysis Bonarius et al, 1996;Kemp et al, 1995;McKeehan, 1986) to produce biosynthetic precursors in the citric acid cycle also gives lactate (as well as considerable energy). This does not, however, contribute to the highly negative CR ratio because the process is an oxidation (−456 kJ mol −1 O 2 , including neutralization of the intracellular buffer) .Of course, not all the glutamine is utilized in this way, as it is the important source of amino groups both in transamination to form other amino acids and in the formation of amino sugars from fructose 6-phosphate.…”

Identification and structural characterization of a mannose‐6‐phosphate containing oligomannosidic N‐glycan from human erythropoietin secreted by recombinant BHK‐21 cells

“…Thus, overloading of the intracellular glycoprotein processing and transport machinery could lead to the observed aberrant modification of a small proportion of the molecules. However, it should be emphasized that the high concentration of glutamine, which is a major energy source of cultured cells [18], in the culture medium used in biotechnological production processes is known to result in A) 3 high NH4-concentrations (24 mM) [19] in the medium due to thermal degradation of the amino acid. The addition of exogeneous NH4CI to the culture medium of transfected BHK-21 cells has been shown to profoundly affect the final glycosylation pattern of recombinant glycoproteins [20].…”

Hybridoma growth and antibody production as a function of cell density and specific growth rate in perfusion culture

“…L2* 28 The specific ATP production rate (qnTp) can be calculated from the lactate formation and oxygen consumption rates.I3 qATP = Ylac/glu qlac + 90,…”