Glutathione and glutathione disulfide affect adventitious root formation and growth in tomato seedling cuttings

Abstract

To study the relationship between glutathione and rooting, tomato seedling cuttings, grown on basal-or on auxin-supplemented media, were treated with the reduced (GSH) or oxidized (GSSG) form of this antioxidant. In turn, the consequences of the depletion of GSH pool on rooting were tested using L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. Effects of the aforementioned treatments on rooting response were assessed. GSH treatment promoted root formation on cuttings grown on both basal-and auxin-supplemented media. Whereas GSSG did not affect the number of roots formed by cuttings grown on basal medium, it strongly enhanced the rooting stimulatory effect of auxin treatment. GSH depletion resulting from BSO application did not change the number of roots formed. All the tested compounds, namely GSH, GSSG, BSO and auxin, had a strong inhibitory effect on the elongation of regenerated roots. Supplementing the rooting medium with glutathione efficiently increased the GSH level in the rooting zones, while addition of BSO led to a strong decrease in endogenous GSH level. Neither of the treatments affected the level of GSSG. Exogenous auxin affect neither GSH nor GSSG levels in rooting zones; however, in the regenerated roots, GSH level was significantly higher when the organs were formed on auxin-supplemented medium. Patterns of GSH distribution in the roots regenerated on basal-and auxin-enriched media were studied using the GSH-specific dye monochlorobimane and confocal laser scanning microscopy. GSH was found in the root apical meristem and in the elongation zone. Auxin did not change the GSH distribution; however, the number of fluorescent cells was higher when roots were regenerated on auxin-supplemented medium.

The effect of natural and synthetic auxins on the growth, metabolite content and antioxidant response of green alga Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae)

“…The stimulation in glutathione level in auxin-treated plant is supported by Takahashi and Nagata (1992) indicating that a significant increase in glutathione level and glutathione Stransferase activity was detected in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. The level of glutathione was also increased in roots of tomato seedlings after IAA treatment indicating that auxin may regulate root elongation through regulation of glutathione content (Tyburski and Tretyn 2010). Moreover, auxins enhanced the capacity for glutathione synthesis in C. vulgaris when there is no demand for this substance in our experimental system.…”

Influence of anti- and prooxidants on rhizogenesis from hypocotyls of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. cultured in vitro

“…1; Table 1). Previously Tyburski and Tretyn (2010b) have indicated that GSH enhances roots formation. They have stated, however, that only an optimal concentration of GSH in meristematic parts of growing roots is effective in stimulation of root growth.…”

“…Since GSH is involved in ROS detoxification (Noctor and Foyer 1998) it can be considered as an important factor regulating an optimal ROS level in growing root hairs. It has to be noted that auxin treatment might increase endogenous GSH concentration to the supraoptimal level (Tyburski and Tretyn 2010b) leading to the deceleration of root hairs growth.…”

Effects of externally supplied BSA on ZR, IAA, ABA, GA of plant Cinnamomum camphora cutting seedlings and root

“…For example, a positive effect of exogenous addition of a mix of three (Serine/Alanine/Glycine) or two (Serine/Alanine) amino acids on wheat root tolerance of oxygen deprivation was detected [19] . Reduced glutathione treatment promoted tomato seedling cuttings root formation [15] . Our experiment on the ornamental plants of C. camphora showed that the lower concentration of BSA is beneficial to the cuttings survived in adverse environments, and to the new roots formed as soon as possible.…”

“…Plants grown in different N mixtures were similar in size, but those supplied with organic N displayed a significantly greater root fraction [14] . Reduced glutathione treatment promoted root formation in cuttings grown on both base-and auxin-supplemented media [15] . Under controlled environmental conditions, plant uptake of organic and inorganic N forms in the dominant desert shrub Larrea tridentata was quantified to assess the potential effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on plant N uptake dynamics [16] .…”