Glutathione and NADH, but not Ascorbate, Protect Lens Proteins from Modification by UV Filters

Taylor, Lisa; Aquilina, J. Andrew; Jamie, Joanne F.; Truscott, Roger J.W.

doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1165

Cited by 53 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We have attempted to identify other possible damage; for example, the water-soluble protein and sulfhydryl group of four lens sections were also determined in the three groups of animals and the results showed no differences (results not shown). It may be that ASA could not protect lens proteins from modification by UV filter components, i.e., derived from tryptophan, in vitro [26]. On the other hand, the current study shows that feeding guinea pigs with low-ASA diet can decrease the ascorbate levels in ocular tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ultraviolet B-Induced Corneal and Lens Damage in Guinea Pigs on Low-Ascorbic Acid Diet

Wu¹,

Kojima²,

Shui³

et al. 2004

Ophthalmic Res

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To evaluate ocular morphological response to ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure in guinea pigs fed with normal and low-ascorbic acid (ASA) diets, 24 guinea pigs were randomly divided into UVR (normal diet + UV-B), LVC (low-ASA diet + UV-B) and CTL (normal diet, without UV-B) groups. The irradiated animals were exposed to 8.2 J/cm² of UV-B over 29 weeks. Changes in the cornea and lens were examined using a Scheimpflug camera, specular microscope and histological studies. ASA contents in the plasma, aqueous humor and lens sections were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed low contents of ASA in the plasma, aqueous humor and lens sections in LVC. Both irradiated groups displayed corneal epithelial edema, neovascularization in stroma, increase in corneal thickness, decrease in endothelial density, and lens epithelial damage. No significant morphological differences in cornea and lens were found between guinea pigs fed with low-ASA or normal diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ultraviolet B-Induced Corneal and Lens Damage in Guinea Pigs on Low-Ascorbic Acid Diet

Wu¹,

Kojima²,

Shui³

et al. 2004

Ophthalmic Res

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“…glutathionyl-3-hydroxykynurenine glucoside, 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-β-D-glucoside, and 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-β-D-diglucoside. 7,9,10 All these compounds are present in the human lens at concentrations varying from about 500 nmoles g −1 (3OHKG, young lenses) to 1-2 nmoles g −1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry of aqueous solutions of kynurenic acid and kynurenine yellow

Zelentsova

Sherin

Snytnikova

et al. 2013

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The photophysics and photochemistry of kynurenic acid (KNA) and kynurenine yellow (KNY) in neutral aqueous solutions were investigated using time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Both molecules have similar quinoline-like structures, the only difference being the absence of conjugation in the nitrogen containing cycle in KNY. The main channel of S 1 excited state decay in the case of partially-unconjugated KNY is the solvent assisted S 1 → S 0 radiationless transition via intermolecular hydrogen bonds (Φ IC = 0.96), whereas, in the case of fully-conjugated KNA, it is intersystem crossing to the triplet state (Φ T = 0.82). The major intermediate products of the singlet excited KNY deactivation are the triplet state (Φ T = 0.022) and, most probably, the enol form (Φ enol = 0.012), which decay with the formation of 2,3-dihydro-4-hydroxyquinoline and 4-hydroxyquinoline, respectively. The results obtained show that KNA and KNY, which are products of the decomposition of the UV filter kynurenine, are significantly more photoactive and less photostable than the parent molecule.

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“…3 · 4 ml Cys-3OHKG solutions were sealed under argon and incubated in the dark at 37°C with minimum shaking. Single aliquots (110 ll) were taken from each solution at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,6,8,11,23,32,46,57,94,120,134,168,192,216 and 240 h and analysed by RP-HPLC.…”

Section: Stability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSH reacts with deaminated 3OHKG to form glutathione-3-hydroxykynurenine O-b-D D-glucoside (GSH-3OHKG), a novel UV filter that, in contrast to other UV filters, increases in concentration with age [22]. In the lens, reaction of the a,bunsaturated ketones with GSH may act to protect the crystallins from modification [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the new UV filter compound cysteine‐l‐3‐hydroxykynurenine O‐β‐d‐glucoside in human lenses

et al. 2006

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UV filters protect the human lens and retina from UV light-induced damage. Here, we report the identification of, which is present in older normal human lenses. Its structure was confirmed by independent synthesis. It is likely this novel UV filter is formed in the lens by nucleophilic attack of cysteine on the unsaturated ketone derived from deamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine O-b-D D-glucoside. Quantitation studies revealed considerable variation in normal lens levels that may be traced to the marked instability of the cysteine adduct. The novel UV filter was not detected in advanced nuclear cataract lenses. Crown

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Glutathione and NADH, but not Ascorbate, Protect Lens Proteins from Modification by UV Filters

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Ultraviolet B-Induced Corneal and Lens Damage in Guinea Pigs on Low-Ascorbic Acid Diet

Ultraviolet B-Induced Corneal and Lens Damage in Guinea Pigs on Low-Ascorbic Acid Diet

Photochemistry of aqueous solutions of kynurenic acid and kynurenine yellow

Identification of the new UV filter compound cysteine‐l‐3‐hydroxykynurenine O‐β‐d‐glucoside in human lenses

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