Glutathione as a Key Player in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance

Locato, Vittoria; Cimini, Sara; Gara, Laura De

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66682-2_6

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Furthermore, the lower oxidized glutathione content further validated our hypothesis. It has been reported that the glutathione oxidation-reduction product is a signal molecule that participates in the defense responses of organisms (Jones, 2006;Locato et al, 2017). Importantly, antioxidant gene expression and the total antioxidant capacity data were consistent with our results.…”

Section: Crassostrea Gigas Allocates More Energy To Defensesupporting

confidence: 92%

Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Energy Allocation-Mediated Mechanisms of Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Understanding the genetic basis of trait variations and their coordination between relative species or populations distributing in different environmental conditions is important in evolutionary biology. In marine ectotherms, growth-defense trade-offs are a common ecological and evolutionary phenomenon. However, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that govern these trade-offs in marine ectotherms in the evolutionary perspective remain poorly investigated. Oysters are among the most important species in global aquaculture. Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) and Crassostrea angulata (C. angulata) are two allopatric congeneric dominant oyster species that inhabit the northern and southern intertidal areas of China. Wild C. gigas and C. angulata were spawned, and their F1 progeny were cultured in the same sites to reduce the environmental effects. Untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics, together with phenotypic parameters including morphological traits (growth performance), nutritional content (glycogen, crude fat, and fatty acid content), physiology (normalized oxygen consumption rate and total antioxidant capacity) were applied to assess metabolic and transcript divergences between C. gigas and C. angulata. Integrated analyses of metabolites and transcriptomes showed that C. gigas allocated more energy to storage and defense by suppressing glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and by upregulating fatty acid synthesis, antioxidant gene expression, and related metabolites. The metabolic and transcript results were further confirmed by the phenotypic data that C. gigas has higher glycogen and crude fat content and fatty acid unsaturation and stronger antioxidant capacity than C. angulata. In contrast, C. angulata exhibited better growth performance and a higher oxygen consumption rate. These findings suggest that C. angulata allocates more energy to growth, which is embodied in its stronger aerobic capacity and higher levels of protein synthesis genes, metabolites, and growth-related biomarkers. This study will help to enlighten the evolutionary patterns and genetic basis of growth-defense trade-offs in marine ectotherms and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying energy allocation. Also, the key genes and metabolites of glycogen and fatty acids pathway identified in this study will be applied for meat quality improvement in the oyster industry.

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Section: Crassostrea Gigas Allocates More Energy To Defensesupporting

confidence: 92%

Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Energy Allocation-Mediated Mechanisms of Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…ROS scavenging is performed enzymatic or via non-enzymatic antioxidant defense pathways, which control the regulation of ROS levels through strict compartmentalization (Mignolet-Spruyt et al, 2016 ; Noctor et al, 2017 ; Foyer and Noctor, 2020 ). Non-enzymatic antioxidant defense is mainly mediated by low molecular-weight metabolites such as ascorbate, glutathione, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, and flavonoids (Locato et al, 2017 ; Smirnoff, 2018 ; Zechmann, 2018 ; Muñoz and Munné-Bosch, 2019 ; Foyer and Noctor, 2020 ). Superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalases (CATs), ascorbate peroxidases (APXs), dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs), monodehydroascorbate reductases (MDHARs), and glutathione reductases (GRs) are among the main antioxidant enzyme classes.…”

Section: Characterization Of Key Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

et al. 2021

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.

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“…On the other hand, glutathione metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction were also downregulated pathways at certain time points after inoculation with the pathogen. Glutathione (GSH) is a key factor for cellular redox homeostasis and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses [32,33].…”

Section: Major Enriched Kegg Pathways Associated With the Response Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Sugarcane Cultivars in Response to Infection by Xanthomonas albilineans

Ntambo

Meng

Rott

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a major source of sugar and renewable bioenergy crop worldwide and suffers serious yield losses due to many pathogen infections. Leaf scald caused by Xanthomonas albilineans is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane in most sugarcane-planting countries. The molecular mechanisms of resistance to leaf scald in this plant are, however, still unclear. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between resistant (LCP 85-384) and susceptible (ROC20) sugarcane cultivars infected by X. albilineans using the RNA-seq platform. 24 cDNA libraries were generated with RNA isolated at four time points (0, 24, 48, and 72 h post inoculation) from the two cultivars with three biological replicates. A total of 105,783 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in both cultivars and the most upregulated and downregulated DEGs were annotated for the processes of the metabolic and single-organism categories, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the 7612 DEGs showed that plant–pathogen interaction, spliceosome, glutathione metabolism, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, and plant hormone signal transduction contributed to sugarcane’s response to X. albilineans infection. Subsequently, relative expression levels of ten DEGs determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), in addition to RNA-Seq data, indicated that different plant hormone (auxin and ethylene) signal transduction pathways play essential roles in sugarcane infected by X. albilineans. In conclusion, our results provide, for the first time, valuable information regarding the transcriptome changes in sugarcane in response to infection by X. albilineans, which contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between sugarcane and this pathogen and provide important clues for further characterization of leaf scald resistance in sugarcane.

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Glutathione as a Key Player in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses and Tolerance

Cited by 15 publications

References 97 publications

Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Energy Allocation-Mediated Mechanisms of Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata

Integrated Application of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveals the Energy Allocation-Mediated Mechanisms of Growth-Defense Trade-Offs in Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata

Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Resistant and Susceptible Sugarcane Cultivars in Response to Infection by Xanthomonas albilineans

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