Glutathione produced by<i>Rhizobium tropici</i>is important to prevent early senescence in common bean nodules

Muglia, Cecilia Isabel; Comai, Glenda; Spegazzini, Etile Dolores; Riccillo, Pablo M.; Aguilar, O. Mario

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01285.x

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…2005; Muglia et al. 2008). In R. tropici and E. meliloti gshB mutants, the total number of nodules formed was found to be similar to that from equivalent wild-type strains (Riccillo et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glutathione affects the transport activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 and is essential for efficient nodulation

Cheng

Karunakaran

East

et al. 2017

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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As glutathione (GSH) plays an essential role in growth and symbiotic capacity of rhizobia, a glutathione synthetase (gshB) mutant of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae 3841 (Rlv3841) was characterised. It fails to efficiently utilise various compounds as a sole carbon source, including glucose, succinate, glutamine and histidine, and shows 60%–69% reduction in uptake rates of glucose, succinate and the non-metabolisable substrate α-amino isobutyric acid. The defect in glucose uptake can be overcome by addition of exogenous GSH, indicating GSH, but not its bacterial synthesis, is required for efficient transport. GSH is not involved in the regulation of the activity of Rlv3841's transporters via the global regulator of transport, PtsNTR. Although lack of GSH reduces transcription of the branched amino acid transporter, this was not the case for all uptake transport systems, for example, the amino acid permease. This suggests GSH alters activity and/or assembly of transport systems by an unknown mechanism. In interaction with plants, the gshB mutant is not only severely impaired in rhizosphere colonisation, but also shows a 50% reduction in dry weight of plants and nitrogen-fixation ability. This reveals that changes in GSH metabolism affect the bacterial–plant interactions required for symbiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2000; Muglia et al. 2008). In R. etli , GSH is required for glutamine utilisation and symbiotic effectiveness (Taté et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione affects the transport activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 and is essential for efficient nodulation

Cheng

Karunakaran

East

et al. 2017

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Furthermore, gshB mutants of Rhizobium tropici and Rhizobium etli were affected in their ability to compete during nodulation of common bean, and nodules induced by gshB mutants displayed early senescence (Riccillo et al, 2000; Tate et al, 2012). A deficiency in GSH was associated with increased levels of

O_{2}^{•}

radicals in nodules infected with the gshB mutant of R. tropici , and thus antioxidant mechanisms dependent on bacterial GSH might be impaired (Muglia et al, 2008). In R. etli , GSH deficiency was linked to a reduction of glutamine uptake in growing cultures, suggesting a complex GSH-glutamine metabolic relationship that may be important for symbiotic efficiency (Tate et al, 2012).…”

Section: Thiol-based Redox Regulatory Network In Bacteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

Frendo¹,

Matamoros²,

Alloing³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Matamoros have contributed equally to this review.In nitrogen poor soils legumes establish a symbiotic interaction with rhizobia that results in the formation of root nodules. These are unique plant organs where bacteria differentiate into bacteroids, which express the nitrogenase enzyme complex that reduces atmospheric N 2 to ammonia. Nodule metabolism requires a tight control of the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) so that they can perform useful signaling roles while avoiding nitro-oxidative damage. In nodules a thiol-dependent regulatory network that senses, transmits and responds to redox changes is starting to be elucidated. A combination of enzymatic, immunological, pharmacological and molecular analyses has allowed us to conclude that glutathione and its legume-specific homolog, homoglutathione, are abundant in meristematic and infected cells, that their spatio-temporally distribution is correlated with the corresponding (homo)glutathione synthetase activities, and that they are crucial for nodule development and function. Glutathione is at high concentrations in the bacteroids and at moderate amounts in the mitochondria, cytosol and nuclei. Less information is available on other components of the network. The expression of multiple isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, glutaredoxins and NADPH-thioredoxin reductases has been detected in nodule cells using antibodies and proteomics. Peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins are essential to regulate and in some cases to detoxify RONS in nodules. Further research is necessary to clarify the regulation of the expression and activity of thiol redox-active proteins in response to abiotic, biotic and developmental cues, their interactions with downstream targets by disulfide-exchange reactions, and their participation in signaling cascades. The availability of mutants and transgenic lines will be crucial to facilitate systematic investigations into the function of the various proteins in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis.

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“…Although nodule host cells make their own GSH, some of this critical antioxidant needs to be produced by the bacterial partner to achieve optimal N 2 fixation, as evidenced by the observation that rhizobia deficient in GSHS formed nodules with early senescence and diminished symbiotic performance (Harrison et al. , 2005; Muglia et al. , 2008).…”

Section: Antioxidants Of Nodule Bacteroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent insights into antioxidant defenses of legume root nodules

et al. 2010

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SummaryLegume root nodules are sites of intense biochemical activity and consequently are at high risk of damage as a result of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). These molecules can potentially give rise to oxidative and nitrosative damage but, when their concentrations are tightly controlled by antioxidant enzymes and metabolites, they also play positive roles as critical components of signal transduction cascades during nodule development and stress. Thus, recent advances in our understanding of ascorbate and (homo)glutathione biosynthesis in plants have opened up the possibility of enhancing N 2 fixation through an increase of their concentrations in nodules. It is now evident that antioxidant proteins other than the ascorbate-glutathione enzymes, such as some isoforms of glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, peroxiredoxins, and glutathione S-transferases, are also critical for nodule activity. To avoid cellular damage, nodules are endowed with several mechanisms for sequestration of Fenton-active metals (nicotianamine, phytochelatins, and metallothioneins) and for controlling ROS ⁄ RNS bioactivity (hemoglobins). The use of 'omic' technologies

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Glutathione produced byRhizobium tropiciis important to prevent early senescence in common bean nodules

Cited by 44 publications

References 32 publications

Glutathione affects the transport activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 and is essential for efficient nodulation

Glutathione affects the transport activity of Rhizobium leguminosarum 3841 and is essential for efficient nodulation

Thiol-based redox signaling in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

Recent insights into antioxidant defenses of legume root nodules

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